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NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONTENTION. 



PlCTUKESQUE B. & O.— WASHINGTON. 
























































































































































































































































































































































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^ : i »'V>r ore o)r\dl Uh ? 

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i Covv, pr\yi 


THE 

B. & O. 

RED BOOK 

FOR THE 

NATIONAL 

REPUBLICAN CONVENTION 



CHICAGO: 

KNIGHT & LEONARD. 
1884. 






c'b 



Copyright, 

By C. K. LORD. 

1884. 


PREFACE. 


The design of this little publication is to give facts and figures relative to 
the presidential elections of the past and such matters connected with succeed¬ 
ing administrations as had bearing upon party policy. Each statement and 


ERRATA. 

Owing to the exceedingly short time given to the preparation of this 
edition—caused by the unavoidable press of important business matters— 
several errors have crept in, most of them, however, so palpable as to at 
once prove them the result of oversight rather than ignorance. In such of 
the general compilations as are included in the edition for the Democratic 
National Convention, all errors have been carefully corrected and the 
reputation of the Red Book maintained at its usual high standard of 
reliability. 

On page 8, Connecticut 1880, read Garfield Republican instead of Han¬ 
cock Democratic. 

On page 10, read Massachusetts.—One of the original states. 1789, 
Washington. 1792, Washington. 1796, Adams. 1800, Adams. 1804, Jef¬ 
ferson. 1808, Pinckney. 1812, DeWitt. Clinton. 

On page 16, Connecticut 1856, read Republican instead of Democratic. 
1880, read Republican instead of Democratic. 

On page 48. Wisconsin.—Read two Postmasters General instead of 
two Attorneys General. 


CONTENTS 


Results by States . . . . 

The Whirligig of Time . . 

Party History. 

Party Conventions . . . . 

Presidents and Cabinets . . 

How They Have Gone Round 

Electoral Vote . 

Electoral College . . . . 

Popular Vote . 

Vote by States . 


ti 

i 

1G 

19 

27 

35 

41 

45 

49 

55 

57 













NATIONAL REPUBLICAN CONVENTION. 


RESULTS BY STATES. 


In this statement of results, the way each state has gone for President 
since admission in the Union is noted. Taking the Federalist party as the 
root of the Republican party, it is traced through the Loose Constructionist, 
National Republican and Whig parties to 1856, when the present Republican 
party presented Fremont, its first Presidential candidate. Taking the Repub¬ 
lican party, as organized by Jefferson, as the root of the Democratic party, it 
is traced through the Strict Constructionist party to 1828, when the present 
Democratic party presented Jackson, its first Presidential candidate. 
Alabama.—First Presidential election, 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 
18.*4. Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 
1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, Van Burcn, 
Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1844, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 
1864, under military rule, no election. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, 
Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 
Arkansas.—First Presidential election, 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, 
Van Buren, Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 
1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, 
Democrat. 1864, no election. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, 
Republican. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 
California.—First Presidential election, 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Bu¬ 
chanan, Democrat. 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republi¬ 
can. 1869, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, 
Republican. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Colorado.— First Presidential election, 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1830, 
Garfield, Republican. 

Connecticut.— One of the original thirteen states. 1789, Washington, Fed¬ 
eralist (Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Adams, Fede¬ 
ralist (Rep.). 1800, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1804, Pinckney, Fede¬ 
ralist (Rep.). 1808, Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.). 1812, De Witt Clinton, 

Federalist (Rep.). 1816, King, Federalist (Rep.). 1820, Monroe, Repub¬ 
lican (Dem.). 1824, J. Q,. Adams, Loose Constructionist (Rep.). 1828, 




8 


RESULTS BY STATES. 


J. Q. Adams, National Republican (Rep.). 1832, Henry Clay, National 
Republican (Rep.). 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840. llarrison. Whig 
(Rep.). 1844, Henry Clay, Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 

1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, 
Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, 
Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Delaware.—One of the original states. 1789, Washington, Federalist 
(Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Adams, Federalist 
(Rep.). 1800, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1804, Pinckney, Federalist 

(Rep.). 1808, Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.). 1812, DeWitt Clinton. Feder¬ 
alist (Rep.). 1816, King, Federalist (Rep.). 1820, Monroe, Republican 

(Dem.). 1824, Crawford, Strict Constructionist (Dem.); Adams received 
one of the three electoral votes of the state. 1828, J. Q. Adams, National 
Republican (Rep.). 1832, Clay, National Republican (Rep ). 1836, Har¬ 
rison, Whig (Rep.). 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig 
(Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.*. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, 

Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 1864, McClellan, 
Democrat. 1868, Seymour, Democrat. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, 
Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Florida.—First Presidential election, 1848. Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, 

Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, 
Democrat. 1864, no election. 1868, no election, 1872, Grant, Repub¬ 
lican. 1876, Hayes, Republican (electoral commission decision). 1880, 
Hancock, Democrat. 

Georgia.—One of the original states. 1789, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 
1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 
1800, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 
1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 
1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 
1824, Crawford, Strict Constructionist (Dem.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 
1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, White, Anti-Van Buren Democrat. 
1840, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 
1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856. Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckin¬ 
ridge, Democrat. 1864, no election. 1868, Seymour, Democrat. 1872, 
Greeley, Democrat. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Illinois.— First Presidential election, 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, 
Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.), J. Q,. Adams, Loose Construction¬ 
ist (Rep.), receiving one of the three electoral votes of the State. 1828, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Van Buren, Demo¬ 
crat. 1840, Van Buren, Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, 
Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, 



RESULTS BY STATES. 


9 


Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republi¬ 
can. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garlield, 
Republican. 

Indiana.— First Presidential election, 1816, Monroe, Republican (Deni.). 
1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist 
(Dem.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat 1836, 
Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1840, Harrison, W 7 hig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, 
Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Bu¬ 
chanan, Democrat. 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republi¬ 
can. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, 
Democrat. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Iowa.— First Presidential election, 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 
1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Re¬ 
publican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Kansas.— First Presidential election, 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, 
Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 
1880, Garfield, Republican. V 

Kentucky. —First Presidential election, 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 
1796, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1800, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 
1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.), 

one electoral vote not cast. 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1816, 
Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, 

Clay, Loose Constructionist (Rep.). 1828. Jackson, Democrat (Dem.). 
1832, Clay. National Republican (Rep.). 1836, Harrison, Whig (Iiep.). 

1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig 
(Rep.). 1852, Scott, Whig (Rep.) 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. I860, 
Bell Constitutional Union. 1864, McClellan, Democrat. 1868, Seymour, 
Democrat. 1872. Greeley, Democrat. At the meeting of the electoral 
college, Mr. Greeley having died meantime, the electoral vote of the stale 
was cast: eight for Hendricks and four for Brown. 1876, Tilden, Demo¬ 
crat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Louisiana. —First Presidential election, 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 
1816, Monroe, Republican, (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 
1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.). Adams, Loose Construc¬ 
tionist (Rep.\ received two of the five electoral votes of the state. 1828, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Jackson, Demo¬ 
crat. 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Taylor, 

Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 
1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 1864, no election. 1868, Seymour, Demo¬ 
crat. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican—decision elec¬ 
toral commission. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 




10 


RESULTS BY STATES. 


Maine.—First Presidential election, 1820, Monroe, Republican (Deni.). 1824, 
Adams, Loose Constructionist (Rep.). 1828, Adams, National Republican 
(Rep.). Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.), received one of the eight 
electoral votes of the .state. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836. Van Buren, 
Democrat. 1840, Harrison, Wh'g (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, 
Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 
1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864. Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Re¬ 
publican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, 
Garfield, Republican. 

Maryland —One of the original thirteen states. 1780, Washington, Federal¬ 
ist (Rep ), received six of the eight electoral votes of the state, two not 
cast. 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Adams, Federalist 
(Rep.). 1800, the ten electoral votes of the state were divided equally 
between Jefferson and Burr, both Republicans (Denis.). 1804, Jefferson, 
Republican (Dem.). Pinckney, Federalist (Rep ), received two of the 
eleven electoral votes of the state. 1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 
Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.), again received two of the eleven electoral 
votes of the state. 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). DeWitt Clinton, 
Federalist (Rep.), received five of the eleven electoral votes of the state. 
1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.); three votes were not cast, Monroe 
receiving eight of the eleven. 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem ). 1824, 
Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem), received seven; Adams, Loose 
Constructionist (Rep.),three, and Crawford. Strict Constructionist (Dem.), 
one of the electoral votes of the state. 1828, Adams, National Republi¬ 
can (Rep.), received six of the electoral votes of the state, and Jackson, 
Democrat, five. 1832, Clay, Loose Constructionist (Rep.), received five of 
the electoral votes of the state, and Jackson, Democrat, three. 1836, 
Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig 
(Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Fill¬ 
more, Know Nothing. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 1864, Lincoln 
Republican. 1868, Seymour, Democrat. 1872, Greeley, Democrat. 1876, 
Til den, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Massachusetts.— First Presidential election, 1816, King, Federalist (Rep.). 
1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, Adams, Loose Construc¬ 

tionist (Rep.). 1828, Adams, National Republican (Rep.). 1832, Clay, 
National Republican (Rep.). 1836,Webster,Whig (Rep.). 1840, Harrison, 
Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay,Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, 
Scott, Whig (Rep.). 1856. Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, Repub¬ 
lican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, 
Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Michigan.— First Presidential election, 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, 
Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 



RESULTS BY STATES. 


11 


1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, 
Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 
1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Re¬ 
publican. 

Minnesota.— First Presidential election, 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, 
Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republi¬ 
can. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Mississippi. —First Presidential election, 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.), 
one electoral vote not cast. 1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist 
(Dem.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, 

Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Demo¬ 
crat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856,- Buchanan, 
Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 1864, no election. 1868, no 
election. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, 
Hancock, Democrat. 

Missouri.— First Presidential election, 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 
1824, Clay, Loose Constructionist, (Rep.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 
1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, Van Buren, 
Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860. Douglas, Democrat. 
1864, Lincoln, Republican 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Greeley, 
Democrat. In the electoral college the vote of the state was cast: for 
Hendricks, 9; Brown, 8; David Davis, 1. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 

1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Nebraska. —First Presidential election, 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, 
Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republi¬ 
can. 

Nevada.— First Presidential election, 1864. Lincoln, Republican; one of the 
three votes not cast. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 
1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

New Hampshire.— One of the original thirteen states. 1789, Washington, 
Federalist (Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Adams, 
Federalist (Rep.). 1800, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1804, Jefferson, 

Republican (Dem.). 1808, Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.). 1812, DeWitt 

Clinton, Federalist (Rep.). 1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, 
Monroe, Republican (Dem.). J. Q. Adams, Loose Constructionist, 
received one of the eight electoral votes of the state. 1824, Adams, 
Loose Constructionist. 1828, Adams, National Republican (Rep.). 1832, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, Van Buren, 
Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican, 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 




12 


RESULTS BY STATES. 


1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868. Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, 
Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

New Jersey.— One of the original thirteen states. 1789, Washington, Fed¬ 
eralist (Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Adams, Fed¬ 
eralist (Rep.). 1800, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1804, Jefferson, Repub¬ 
lican (Dem.). 1808, Madison, Republican(Dem.). 1812, He Witt Clinton, 
Federalist (Rep.). 1816, Monroe, Republican (Hem ). 1820, Monroe, 
Republican (Hem). 1824. Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Hem. > 1828, 
J. Q. Adams, National Republican (Rep.). 1832, Jackson, Hemocrat. 
1836, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, 
Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Hemocrat. 1856, 
Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Lincoln, Republican, received four of the 
electoral votes of the state, and Douglas, Hemocrat, three; the latter 
had a majority of 4,477 on the popular vote of the state. 1864, McClellan, 
Democrat. 1863, Seymour, Democrat. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, 
Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

New York.— First Presidential, election 1792, Washington, Federalist(Rep.). 
1796, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1800, Jefferson, Republican (Hem.). 

1804, Jefferson, Republican iDem.). 1808, Madison, Republican (Hem.). 
George Clinton, Republican (Dem.\ received six of the nineteen electoral 
votes of the state. 1812, He Witt Clin'on, Federalist (Rep ). 1816, Mon¬ 
roe, Republican (Hem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, J. Q. 
Adams, Loose Constructionist (Rep.), received sixteen of the twenty- 
six electoral votes of the state; Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Hem.), 
received one; Crawford, Strict Constructionist (Hem.), received five, and 
Clay, Loose Constructionist (Rep.), four. 1828, Jackson, Democrat, re¬ 
ceived twenty, and J. Q. Adams, National Republican (Rep.), sixteen 
electoral votes. 1832, Jackson, Hemocrat. 1836, Van Buren, Hemocrat. 
1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Taylor, Whig 
(Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Hemocrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lin¬ 
coln, Republican. 1861, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Seymour, Democrat. 
1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Garfield, Re¬ 
publican. 

North Carolina.— First Presidential election, 1792, Washington, Federalist 
(Rep.). 1796, Jefferson, Republican (Dem,); Adams, Federalist (Rep.), 
received one of the twelve electoral votes. 1800, Jefferson, Republican 
(Dem.); Adams, Federalist (Rep.), received four of the twelve electoral 
votes. 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Hem.). 1808, Madison, Republican 
(Hem.); Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.), received three of the fourteen 
votes. 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, Republican 
(Hem.). 1 820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.L 1824, Jackson, Strict Con¬ 

structionist (Hem.). 1828, Jackson, Hemocrat. 1832, Jackson, Hemocrat. 



RESULTS BY STATES. 


13 


1836, Van Bnren, Democrat. 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, 
Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Democi at. 1856, 
Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 1864, no election. 
1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Demo¬ 
crat. 18S0, Hancock, Democrat. 

Ohio.— First Presidential election, 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1808, 
Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1812, one vote not cast, Madison, Repub¬ 
lican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Repub¬ 
lican (Dem.). 1824, Clay, Loose Constructionist (Rep.). 1828, Jackson, 
Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 
1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig (Rep.). 1848, Cass, 

Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856. Fremont, Republican. 1860, 
Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant. Repub¬ 
lican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Gar¬ 
field, Republican. 

Oregon. — First Presidential election, 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lin¬ 
coln, Republican. 1868, Seymour, Democrat. 1872, Grant, Republican. 
1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Pennsylvania.— One of the thirteen original states. 1789, Washington, 
Federalist (Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.). 1796, Jeffer¬ 

son, Republican (Dem.); Adams, Federalist (Rep.', received one vole. 
1800, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.), received eight of the fifteen electoral 
votes of the state, and Adams seven. 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 
1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 
1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.); 
one vote not cast. 1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.). 1828, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1836, Van Buren, Demo¬ 
crat. 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Polk. Democrat. 1848, Taylor, 
Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, 
Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republi¬ 
can. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, 
Republican. 

Rhode Island.— First Presidential election, 1792, Washington, Federalist 
(Rep.). 1796, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1800, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 
1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem ). 1808, Pinckney, Federalist (Rep.). 
1812, De Witt Clinton, Republican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, Republican 
(Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, J. Q. Adams, Loose 
Constructionist (Rep.). 1828, J. Q. Adams, National Republican (Rep.). 
1832, Henry Clay, National Republican (Rep.). 1836, Van Buren, Demo¬ 
crat.' 1810 Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig (Rep.). 1848, Tay¬ 
lor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 

1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, 




14 


RESULTS BY STATES. 


Republican. 1872, Gj-ant, Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, 
Garfield, Republican. 

South Carolina. —One of the original thirteen states. Presidential elec¬ 
tors elected by state legislature until 1868. 1780, Washington, Federal¬ 
ist (Rep.). 1792, Washington, Federalist (RepA 1796, Jefferson, Re¬ 
publican (Dem.). 1800, Jefferson, Republican-Dem.). 1804, Jefferson, 
Republican (Dem.). 1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1812, Madison, 
Republican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1820, Monroe, 
Republican (Dem.). 1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist (Dem.). 1828, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1832, John Floyd, Democrat. 1836, Mangum, Demo¬ 
crat. 1840, Van Buren, Democrat. 1844, Polk, Democrat. 1848, Cass, 
Democrat. 1852, Pierce, Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, 
-. 1864, no election. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872. Grant, Re¬ 
publican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Tennessee. —First Presidential election 1796, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 
1800, Jefferson, Republican (Dem ). 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.i. 
1808, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 
1816, Monroe, Republican (Dem.), one vote not cast. 1820, Monroe, Re¬ 
publican (Dem.). 1824, Jackson, Strict Constructionist iDem). 1828, 
Jackson, Democrat. 1832, Jackson, Democrat. 1886. Hugh L. White, 
Democrat. 1840, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, Whig (Rep.'. 1848, 
Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Scott, Whig (Rep.). 1856, Buchanan, Demo¬ 
crat. 1860, Bell, Constitutional Union. 1864, No election. 1868, Grant, 
Republican. 1872, Greeley, Democrat. 1876, Tilden, Democrat. 1880, 
Hancock, Democrat. 

Texas. —First Presidential election, 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Breckinridge, Democrat. 
1864, no election. 1808, no election. 1872, Greeley, Democrat. 1876, 
Tilden, Democrat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Vermont.— First Presidential election, 1792, Washington, Federalist (Rep.), 
one vote not cast, 1796, Adams, Federalist (Rep.). 1800, Adams, Fed¬ 
eralist (Rep.). 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1808, Madison, 

Republican (Dem.). 1812, Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, 

Republican (Dem.). 1824. J. Q. Adams, Loose Constructionist. 1828, 
J. Q. Adams, National Republican. 1832, Wm. Wirt, Anti-Masonic. 
1836, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1810, Harrison, Whig (Rep.). 1844, Clay, 
Whig (Rep.). 1848, Taylor, Whig (Rep.). 1852, Scott, Whig, ^Rep.). 

1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 1864, Lincoln, 
Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, 
Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 

Virginia.— One of the original thirteen states. 1789,Washington, Federalist 
(Rep.), two votes not cast. 1792, Washington, Federalist (Ilep.). 1796, 




RESULTS BY STATES. 


15 


Jefferson, Republican (Dem.); Adams, Federalist, received one of the 
twenty-two electoral votes of the state. 1800, Jefferson, Republican 
(Dem.). 1804, Jefferson, Republican (Dem.). 1808, Madison, Republican 
(Dem.). 1812 Madison, Republican (Dem.). 1816, Monroe, Republican 

(Dem.). 1820, Monroe, Republican (Dem.). 1824, Crawford, Strict Con¬ 
structionist (Dem.). 1828, Jackson, Democrat. 1832*, Jackson, Democrat. 
1836, Van Buren, Democrat. 1840, Van Buren-, Democrat. 1844, Polk, 
Democrat. 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pieroe, Democrat. 1856, 
Buchanan, Democrat. 1860, Bell, Constitutional Union. 1864, no elec¬ 
tion. 1868, no election. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Demo¬ 
crat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

West Virginia.— First Presidential election, 1864, Lincoln, Republican. 
1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, Republican. 1876, Tilden, Demo¬ 
crat. 1880, Hancock, Democrat. 

Wisconsin.—First Presidential election, 1848, Cass, Democrat. 1852, Pierce, 
Democrat. 1856, Fremont, Republican. 1860, Lincoln, Republican. 
1864, Lincoln, Republican. 1868, Grant, Republican. 1872, Grant, 
Republican. 1876, Hayes, Republican. 1880, Garfield, Republican. 


What wonder that so many journey over the B. & O. by the side of the 
Potomac, lost in meditation, realization of the present effaced in the absorp¬ 
tion of the past! Mile after mile the road follows the windings of the white- 
capped ripples, and from the car window one can almost witness the scenes 
of a quarter of a century ago in the pellucid depths of the pure and uncontam¬ 
inated stream. Indeed, there arc few more attractive railway journeys in this 
or any other country than that by the banks of the Potomac, aside from the 
associations so near and dear to every American heart. The current winds in 
and about a valley rea’ly exquisite in picturesque beauty, the hills now sloping 
off in long stretches of cultivated land, and then, by a quick turn, the river 
shutting itself in among such masses of rich and luxuriant foliage as to frame 
the bright, sparkling face so perfectly in contrasts of color and in shades as to 
bring the artistic soul in closest rapport. Hour follows hour in the formation 
of views which appear to vie, one with another, in calling forth the most en¬ 
thusiastic terms of admiration. Even the most unsentimental of passengers 
cannot but feel what a perfect absurdity it would be to deplore the long and 
graceful sweep of the train as it turns hither and thither to keep by the emer¬ 
ald-set shores of the witching waters. One curve lets would destroy the won¬ 
derful symmetry of this matchless gallery of Nature’s own handiwork. Were 
the physical conformation of the section such as would permit, the attempt to 
make the B. & O. a straight line would be almost sacrilegious. 





THE WHIRLIGIG OF TIME. 


Showing in brief how the different states have varied in political decisions at 
the polls from time of their admission into the Union to latest election. 

Alabama.— Republican (Dem.) from 1820 to 1868, when went for Grant, also 
1872. In 1876 Democratic again to and including 1880. 

Arkansas.— Democratic from 1836 to 1868, when went for Grant, also 1872. 
Democratic in 1876 to and including 1880. 

California. —Democratic from 1852 to 1860, then Republican to 1880, when 
went for Hancock. 

Colorado.— Republican from 1876 to and including 1880. 

Connecticut. —Federal (Rep.) from 1789 to 1820, then Republican (Dem.). 
Loose Constructionist (Rep.), 1824, 1828. Clay (Rep.) in 1832. Demo¬ 
cratic, 1836. Whig (Rep.) from 1840 to 1848. Democratic, 1856. Repub¬ 
lican, 1869 to 1876, that year for Tilden, and again Democratic in 1880. 

Delaware. —Federal (Rep.) from 1789 to 1820, that year Republican tDem.), 
and continuing so until 1828, when went National Republican (Rep.), 
and so remaining until 1836, then practically the same as went for Whig 
(Rep.) until 1852, when went Democratic. This way until 1872, when 
went for Grant. Democratic again in 1876 and 1880. 

Florida. —Whig (Rep.l, 1818. Democratic from 1852 to 1868, when went for 
Grant, Hayes in 1876, and Hancock, 1880. 

Georgia. —Federalist (Rep.) from 1789 to 1796, when went Republican 
(Dem.), continuing so until 1840, when went for Whig (Rep.). Demo¬ 
cratic again in 1814. Whig (Rep.), 1852. Democratic, 1856 to and in¬ 
cluding 1880. 

Illinois.— Republican (Dem.), 1820 to 1860, when went for Lincoln. Repub¬ 
lican every election since. 

Indiana.— Republican (Dem.), 1816 to 1836, then Whig to 1844, when went 
Democratic again to 1860, then Republican to 1876, when went for 
Tilden. In 1880 Republican again. 

Iowa. —Democratic, 1848 to 1856, then Republican, and continuing so since. 

Kansas.— Republican, 1864, same every election since. 

Kentucky. -Federalist (Rep.), 1792. Republican (Dem.) and remaining so 
until 1824, when went for Clay. Democratic, 1828. Clay again in 1832, 
and continuing Whig (Rep.), until 1856, then Democratic, In 1860, Bell, 
Know-Nothing or Constitutional Union, carried the state. 1864, Demo¬ 
cratic again, and continuing so since. 

16 



THE WHIRLIGIG OF TIME. 


17 


Louisiana.— Republican (Dem ), 1812 to 1840, then Whig (Rep.). Demo¬ 
cratic again in 1844. Whig again in 1848. Democratic, 1852 to 1872, then 
Grant, Hayes in 1876, and Hancock, 1880. 

Maine.— Republican (Dem.), 1820. Loose Constructionist (Rep.), 1821, 1828. 
Democratic again 1832 to 1810, then Whig. Once more Democratic in 
1844, and continuing so until 1856, then Republican to date. 

Maryland. —Federalist, 1789 to 1800, then Republican (Dem.), same 1804, 
and continuing so until 1828, when Adams had six and Jackson live of 
the electoral votes of the state. In 1832 Clay had five and Jackson three. 
In 1836 Harrison (Whig) carried the state. This party held it until 1852, 
when Democratic again. Know-Nothing in 1856, Democratic in 1860, 
Republican, 1864, Democratic in 1868, and continuing so to date. 

Massachusetts.— Federalist (Rep.), 1816, Republican (Dem.), 1820, Loose 
Constructionist (Rep.), 1824, National Republican (Rep.). 1828, to and in¬ 
cluding 1832, Whig (Rep.), 1836 to 1856, then Fremont, and continuing 
Republican ever since. 

Michigan.— Democratic, 1836, Whig (Rep.), 1844, Democratic again in 1844, 
and continuing so until 1856, thence to date Republican. 

Minnesota.— Republican, 1860, to and including 1880. 

Mississippi. — Republican (Dem.), 1820 to 1840, then Whig (Rep.). Demo¬ 
cratic again in 1844, and remaining so until 1872, then Grant. Democratic 
again in 1876, same 1880. 

Missouri. —Republican (Dem.), 1820, Clay in 1824. Democratic again in 1828, 
and remaining so until 1864, then Lincoln, Grant in 1868, Democratic in 
1872, same since. 

Nebraska. — Republican, 1868 to date. 

Nevada.— Republican, 1864 to 1880. then Democratic. 

New Hampshire.— Federalist (Rep.), 1789 to 1804. then Republican (Dem.), 
1808. Federalist again until 1816, then Republican (Dem.) until 1824, 
then Loose Constructionist and National Republican (Rep.) until 1832, 
when Democratic, and remaining so until 1856, thence Republican to date. 

New Jersey.— Federalist (Rep.), 1789 to 1804, then Republican (Dem.) to 
1812, when Federalist again. Republican (Dem.) once more in 1816, and 
continuing so until 1828, then National Republican (Rep.). Back to the 
Democratic list in 1832, and over to the Whig (Rep.) list in 1836, staying 
there until 1852, when Democratic again, remaining so until 1872, then 
Grant. Democratic in 1876, same 1880. 

New York. —Federalist, 1792 to 1800, then Republican (Dem.), remaining 
so until 1812, when Federalist again. Republican (Dem.) once more in 
1816, staying so until 1840, the vote at various times being divided among 
different candidates, but the Democrats having a majority each time. 
In 1840 the Whigs (Rep.) carried the state, 1844 Democratic again, 1848 




18 


THE WHIRLIGIG OF TIME. 


Whig again, 1852 once more Democratic, 1856 Republican, and remaining 
so until 1868, when Democratic for a change. Republican again in 1872, 
Democratic in 1876, and Republican 1880. 

North Carolina.— Federalist (Rep.), 1792. Republican (Dem.), 1796 to 
1840, then Whig (Rep.) to 1852, when the Democrats again took the 
state and held it until 1868, then Grant, Grant again in 1872. Democratic 
in 1876. and to date, 

Ohio.— Republican (Dem.), 1801 to 1824, when Clay carried it. 1828 Demo¬ 
cratic again to 1836, then Whig (Rep.) to 1848, when Democratic once 
more, remaining so until 1856, when Republicans came in with Fre¬ 
mont, and have held the state since. 

Oregon.— Republican, 1860 to 1868, then Seymour. Grant in 1872, and Re¬ 
publican thence to date. 

Pennsylvania. —Federalist (Rep.), 1789 to 1796, then Republican (Dem ) to 
1840, when Harrison, Whig (Rep.), broke the long line. Democratic 
again in 1844, Whig in 1848. Democratic once more in 1852, and continu¬ 
ing so until 1860, then Lincoln. Republican ever since. 

Rhode Island.— Federalist (Rep.), 1792 to 1804, then Republican (Dem.). 
Federalist (Rep.) again in 1812. Republican (Dem.) in 1816, and con¬ 
tinuing to 1824. Then Loose Constructionist and National Republican 
to 1836, and then Democratic for a term. In 1840 Whig (Rep.), and con¬ 
tinuing Whig until 1852, when Democratic again. Republican in 1856, 
and no change since. 

South Carolina. —Federalist (Rep.), 1789 to 1796, then Republican (Dem.) 
and continuing so until 1868, and Grant. The General again in 1872, 
Hayes in 1876, and Democratic in 1880. 

Tennessee.—Republican (Dem.), 1796 to 1840, then Whig (Rep.) to 1856, 
when Democratic once more. 1860, Bell, Constitutional Union. 1868 
Grant. Democratic, 1872 to date. 

Texas. —Democratic, 1848 to date. 

Vermont. —Federalist (Rep.), 1796 to 1804, then Republican (Dem.) to 1824, 
then Loose Constructionist and National Republican to 1832, when 
Anti-Masonic Wirt carried the state. In 1836 Whig (Rep.), continuing 
to 1856, then Republican, and the same ever since. 

Virginia.—Federalist (Rep.), 1789 to 1796, then Republican (Dem.) to 1860, 
when Bell (Constitutional Union) carried the state. Grant in 1872, Til- 
den 1876, Hancock 1880, 

West Virginia.— Republican, 1864 to 1876, then Democratic to date. 

Wisconsin.—Democratic, 1848 to 1856, then Republican and continuing so 
since. 





PARTY HISTORY. 


It is no ordinary task to attempt the tracing of the two great parties of to-day 
back through the vale of bygones to the very germ of existence. Names which are 
supposed to signify so much are so jumbled together that the Whig of colonial times 
and the Whig of Clay’s days, while the same in spelling and pronunciation, were in 
reality no more alike than day and night. The Tories of 1700 were the advocates of a 
strong and centralized government, as represented in the Crown, but nevertheless 
the Federalists of Washington’s time were the victors over just the very principles 
advanced by the Tories. Still, the Federalists based their inception as a party upon 
the power of the national administration and its control over the states. Such, 
practically, were the principles of the Loose Constructionists, as were termed the 
remaining adherents of the Federalist party and the disaffected members of the Jef¬ 
ferson party who joined with them. As time progressed, Clay originated the party 
name of National Republican, into which fold were gathered Federalists, Loose Con¬ 
structionists and the large following which, with Clay as their leader, abandoned the 
Strict Constructionists or Republicans, as the Jefferson Democratic party of the 
period was called. The all-governing principle was the strength of the Federal gov¬ 
ernment, and when the Anti-Masonic and later on the powerful Whig party, which 
had swallowed up the National Republicans, gained the day, the party cry was the 
same. As the fates grew less propitious, and time, with its slavery agitation, led to 
disintegration, the Whig became of the past as to party name, which was merged 
into Anti-Slavery, Anti-Nebraska men, Know-Nothing, and finally back to Republican, 
the party name which has for a quarter of a century been synonymous of success. 
Federalist, Loose Constructionist, Whig, Republican, through all the years, has been 
for protective tariff, internal improvement and a strong government. 

Thus it is that the Republican party of to-day is traced back to its root in the 
Federal party of 1787, and Washington and Adams classed as Republicans. Merely 
for memoranda and as valuable to fix dates, concise data are herewith given of the 
course of events which have stamped their impress upon the party history, which is 
to be further memorable for the proceedings in the National Convention of 1884. It 
should be understood that the object is to note principles, platform and position of 
the Republican party and its antecedents. Similar data and historic reference as 
regards the Democratic party will be found in the edition of the Red Book for the 
Democratic National Convention. 

Advocating strong government, looking, it was claimed by the 1787. 
anti-Federalists, but denied, to a monarchy. Objected to the con- Federalists, 
federation on the ground that it would be destroyed by the first 
organized attacks of a foreign enemy or by internal contention. 

19 



20 


PARTY HISTORY 


1793 . 

Federalists. 

1794 . 

1795 . 

1796 . 

1797 . 

1797 . 

1798 . 

1799 . 

1800 . 

1801 . 

Black 

Cockade 

federalists. 

1804 . 

1805 . 


Supported Washington in his proclamation of neutrality as be¬ 
tween France and Great Britain and Holland, France having de¬ 
clared war early in April of that year. 

Favored formation of a navy to maintain neutrality between 
England and France. Confirmed Washington’s nomination of John 
Jay to be envoy extraordinary to England. Upheld the President 
in suppressing the whisky insurrection and compelling enforce¬ 
ment of the excise law. 

Hamilton resigned from the Cabinet, and his plan of internal 
taxation indorsed and adopted. Indorsed the President’s approval 
of the Jay treaty with England. 

First contested Presidential election, the Federalists naming John 
Adams, of Massachusetts, and Thomas Pinckney, of Maryland, claim¬ 
ing support as the authors of the government, advocates of neu¬ 
trality, prosperity and peace, and the direct inheritors of Washing¬ 
ton’s policy. Adams, receiving 71 to 68 for Jefferson, was declared 
elected President. 

Party ascribed manifestation of ill feeling by French Republic 
to anger at the defeat of Republican party. Monroe, Republican, re¬ 
called as Minister to France, and Pinckney, Federalist, sent in his 
place. 

Federalists approved action of President in sending three envoys 
to France. French government would not receive them and for the 
time being both Federalists and Republicans were united in advoca¬ 
cy of a war spirit. 

Party approved Alien and Sedition law. Advocated increase of 
navy to protect American ships against France, both parties agree¬ 
ing. 

Party opposed the President in his appointment of three envoys 
to France. Trouble between Hamilton and Adams. 

Congressional caucuses named Adams and Pinckney. Federalist 
defeat in New York, leading to disruption of Cabinet, the President 
dismissing Hamilton’s friends, whom he bitterly termed a “British 
faction.” Hamilton attacked the President in severe language. 

Federalist party out of control of all branches of government 
except the judiciary. Party still maintaining its position in advo¬ 
cacy of giving more power to the Federal government. 

Terms applied by Republicans (Democrats) to Federalists. 

Federalists espoused the cause of Judge Chase, of Maryland, 
against whom articles of impeachment had been found for arbi¬ 
trary and oppressive conduct relative to cases under the Alien and 
Sedition laws. Hamilton shot by Burr in a duel. Federalists 
named Pinckney, of South Carolina, and King, of New York, for 
President and Vice-President. 

Federalists ridiculed and attacked President Jefferson for his 
position in being adverse to increasing expenses by building a navy, 
and his economy in the construction of small gunboats. 



PARTY HISTORY 


21 


Name given Randolph, of Virginia, and his friends among the Quids. 
Republicans who joined with the Federalists in the proposition to 
purchase Florida from Spain. 

Federalists opposed the President for his rejection of the treaty 1806 . 
with England, which had been arranged practically on basis of the 
Jay treaty of 1795. 

Condemned the President for the arrest of Burr, declaring it an 1807 . 
executive usurpation of power. Burr acquitted for want of juris¬ 
diction. 

Federalists, aided by the Quids, sturdily opposed the Embargo 1808 . 
bill which prohibited American vessels from leaving foreign ports 
and foreign vessels from taking cargoes from the United States. 

The President meantime issued proclamation wherein all armed 
British vessels were prohibited from entering American ports. Fed¬ 
eral Congressional caucuses nominated Pinckne-y, of South Cai’o- 
lina, and King, of New York. 

Federalists strongly opposed to the war policy of the Republi- 1811 . 
cans, and supported Clinton, Republican (Democrat), for President, 
and Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania, for Vice-President. 

Issued protest addressed to their constituents in opposition to 1812 . 
the war. Governors of Massachusetts and Connecticut refused to 
allow their militia to leave their states. Randolph’s faction or 
Quids became no more. Most of its members became supporters of 
the administration, the balance with Federalists and those who did Psace Party, 
not favor the war formed the Peace Party. 

Federalists still contesting the war policy, strongly supported by 1813 . 

Eastern states, and talk of a division between New England and the 
rest of the Union as a result. 

New England representatives became active in advocacy of peace Hartford, 
measures, and the result was the Hartford Convention. But one Convention. 
session was held when peace was proclaimed, and its object there- 1815 . 
fore made unnecessary. End of the Avar, and practical end of the 
Federalist party. Federalists supported Rufus King, of New York, 
for President, and had no candidate for Vice-President. 

Henry Clay became leader of the new party in opposition to the 1817 . 
Republicans, and favoring increase of army and navy, protective 
tariff, general public improvements at national expense, and to 
make the federal government strong in foreign affairs. The party Loose 
became distinguished from the other as Loose Constructionists. Construc- 
They succeeded in carrying a bill for the maintenance of the Cum- tiomsts. 
berland road, but it Avas vetoed by the President. 

Loose Constructionists in the majority in Congress adopted the 1824 . 
tariff by small majority; also passed bill for surveys for national 
canal system. No organized parties, Loose Constructionists gener¬ 
ally supporting for President Clay, of Kentucky, and Adams, of 
Massachusetts. Presidential election settled by the House of Repre¬ 
sentatives in faA r or of Adams, Loose Constructionist; Calhoun, 

Republican, Vice-President. 





22 


PARTY HISTORY 


1825 . 

National 

Republi¬ 

cans. 

1826 . 

1827 . 


1828 . 


1829 . 

Anti- 

Masonic 

Party. 

1832 . 


1835 . 

Whig-s. 


1837 . 

Abolition¬ 

ists. 

1839 . 

1840 . 


The President’s nomination of Clay to a cabinet position created 
a scandal that for years disturbed political circles. 

Clay and Adams factions united and assumed party name of 
National Republicans. National Republicans passed bill increasing 
tariff; this was defeated by Vice-President casting the deciding vote 
in the Senate. 

Abandoned advocating connected system of canals and roads to 
be constructed and maintained by Federal government. Higher 
tariff than that of 1824 demanded. National convention of Protec¬ 
tionists at Harrisburg. Passage of tariff of 1828, after debate of six 
weeks. 

National Republicans nominated Adams for President, and Rush, 
of Pennsylvania, for Vice-President. Candidates on both sides nom¬ 
inated largely by state legislatures, congressional caucuses having 
become a thing of the past. Among the last acts of the Adams 
administration was the approval of the large appropriation for 
internal improvement. 

Clay the recognized leader of the National Republicans. 

Started in western New York, and opposed to the election of any 
Freemason to office. In all essential political principles, those of 
the new party were the same as those of the National Republicans. 

For the first time in the country’s history national conventions 
were held for the nomination of Presidential candidates. 

(Under head of Conventions full details will be found of the pro¬ 
ceedings of each from 1832 to the present year.) 

South Carolina did not side with either party, but chose electors 
of its own. Anti-Masonic electors chosen from Vermont alone. 

President’s message recommended taking out deposits of the 
United States revenue and sale of stock in United States Bank. 
Defeated under leadership of Clay. National Republicans with 
Calhoun States rights Democracy in majority against the ad¬ 
ministration. President censured for removing deposits. 

Opposed to state bank system, favoring sub-treasury plan, which 
was, however, voted down. 

National Republicans changing to Whigs. Separate candidates 
nominated by Whigs and Anti-Masonic Conventions. Passage x>f 
bill for loaning surplus of revenue over 85,000,000 equally to states, 
to be recalled by direction of Congress. 

National Anti-Slavery Society became known as Abolitionists. 
Opposed Van Buren’s recommendation of adoption of sub-treasury 
plan, and with aid of Conservatives defeated it, and also bill for 
establishment of independent treasury. 

After three weeks’ contest Whigs elected Speaker of House, and 
organized it in opposition to the administration. 

Passed independent treasury scheme proposed by President, and 
Van Burcn signed it. At the Whig National Convention, for pur¬ 
pose of securing Anti-Masonic faction, the convention abandoned 
Clay and nominated Harrison, who was elected by an overwhelming 
majority, carrying all but seven states. 



PARTY HISTORY. 


23 


Death of President Harrison. John Tyler became President. 
Bill to abolish sub-treasury passed by both houses, and bill to incor¬ 
porate fiscal bank of the United States passed, but vetoed by Presi¬ 
dent. Another bill proposed, and being again vetoed, the Cabinet, 
with but one exception, resigned. Whigs sent out addresses to the 
people declaring John Tyler read out of the party. Passage of an 
act to distribute proceeds of public land sales among the states. 
Reduction of duties by compromise tariff renders government rev¬ 
enues less than expenses. The Whig bill to continue duties under 
tariff of 1833 vetoed. Upon the clause for distribution of surplus 
revenue, President signed the bill, and it became the tariff of 1842. 

Whig majority in the Senate. 

Clay nominated. Party opposed to annexation of Texas. Clay’s 
letter of conciliation to southern Democrats proves his downfall. 

Whigs vote under protest for Mexican war appropriations. New 
England bitterly opposed the war. 

Whig majority in the House, and held by a large majority that 
the general government had power to improve harbors and rivers. 

General Taylor nominated. No platform adopted. Affirmation 
of the Wilmot proviso as a party principle repeatedly voted down. 
Taylor elected. Whig majority in the House strongly condemned 
sale of slaves in Washington. River and harbor bill passed House, 
but not acted upon by the Senate. Whig party rejected Wilmot 
proviso. 

Free-Soil Democrats refuse to join with Whigs, who had elected 
a slave-holding President. All parties much mixed. 

Whigs and Free-Soilers opposed compromise of 1850 on slavery 
question. Several northern legislatures passed personal liberty 
laws to protect free negroes against operations of fugitive slave 
law. 

General Scott nominated for President on Loose Construction 
platform, compromise of 1850. Fugitive slave law indorsed. Un¬ 
deniable indications of disintegration of Whig party. Claimed to 
be largely resulting from indorsing slave law. 

Kansas-Nebraska bill introduced in the House. Favored by 
southern Democrats and southern Whigs, northern Democrats 
evenly divided. Division between northern and southern Whigs 
final, the former dropping old party name, and calling themselves 
Anti-Nebraska men. 

Know-Nothings, organized in 1852, now became known as Amer¬ 
ican party. Finally its northern members joined with Anti-Nebraska 
men, and southern members went into the Democratic party. 

Anti-Nebraska men had majority of the House, and after one 
hundred and thirty ballots, lasting from December until February, 
Banks, an Anti-Nebraska man, was elected speaker. Kansas trou¬ 
bles occupied the party the whole winter. Army bill passed at extra 
session. 


1841 . 


1842 . 

1843 . 

1844 . 

1846 . 

1847 . 

1848 . 


1849 . 

1850 . 

1852 . 

1854 . 

Anti- 

Nebraska 

Men. 

Know- 

Nothings, 

American 

Party. 

1855 . 





24 


PARTY HISTORY 


1856 . 

Republican 

Party. 


1857 . 


1859 . 

1859 . 


1860 . 


1861 . 


Union 

Party. 


1863 . 

1864 . 

1865 . 


Anti-Nebraska men adopted name of Republican party. Kansas 
troubles led to assault upon Charles Sumner by Brooks, of South 
Carolina. Brooks, censured by vote of House, resigned, and was 
immediately re-elected. Know-Nothing convention adopted plat¬ 
form that naturalization should only be granted after twenty-one 
years’ residence, and condemned repeal of Missouri compromise. 
Anti-slavery delegates withdrew. Fillmore, of New Yoi'k, nomin¬ 
ated. 

Republican convention adopted Loose Constructionist platform, 
favoring internal improvements, right of Congress to prohibit 
slavery, against repeal of Missouri compromise, and against the 
extension of slavery. Nominated Fremont and Dayton. 

At session of Congress grants of public lands to railroads. Tariff 
of 1857 passed by both houses, and approved by President. It 
reduced duties to a lower rate than any tariff since 1816. Repub¬ 
lican Congressmen united in publishing protest against making 
Kansas a slave state. Kansas, by a large majority, rejected the Le- 
eompton constitution, remaining a territory. Following year 
adopted Wyandotte constitution, prohibiting slavery. John Brown 
attempted to seize Harper’s Ferry and United States arsenal; his , 
defeat and death. Republicans majority vote in the House, and 
after eight weeks, balloting elected Pennington, Republican, speak¬ 
er. House passed homestead bill, giving heads of families right to 
purchase one hundred and sixty acres of land at SI.25 per acre. 

Former Know-Nothing party, now termed Constitutional Union 
party, nominated Bell, of Tennessee, for President. National Re¬ 
publican convention reaffirmed Loose Constructionist principles, 
denounced Democratic administration in Kansas and Washington, 
declared Congress bound to preserve and defend freedom in terri¬ 
tories, declared in favor of protection, internal improvements, 
homestead bill, and a Pacific railroad. Nominated Lincoln and 
Hamlin, who were elected, carrying every free state but one, New 
Jersey, in which he got four of the electoral votes and Douglas 
three. 

On withdrawal of requisite number of southern members to give 
Republicans majority, Kansas was admitted, and territories of 
Nevada, Colorado and Dakota organized. Morrill tariff of 1861 
passed. It protected manufacturers, and rendered revenue ft sec¬ 
ondary consideration. Civil war a fact. War Democrats entering 
the Republican organization, until it was frequently called the 
Union party. 

For the next four years party policy was based upon the demands 
and exigencies of the war. 

Lincoln issued emancipation proclamation. 

Republican convention renominated Lincoln for President, and 
Johnson, of Tennessee, for Vice-President, who were elected. 

Freedmen's Bureau bill passed. Lincoln assassinated; Johnson, 
President. His policy of reconstruction immediately making trou- 




PARTY HISTORY. 


25 


ble with the party in power. Passage of civil rights bill led to open 1866 . 
rupture. 

National committee expelled its chairman and two of its mem- 1867 . 
bers, and issued address to the party reading J ohnson out. 

Restricted power of President. Passed army appropriation bill, 
with a rider that took from the President command of the army. 

Passed tenure of office bill over the veto. President asked Stanton 
to resign, who refused. General Grant appointed Secretary of War 
ad interim. Senate refused to consent to Stanton’s removal, and 
Grant gave up the office. President appointed General Thomas, 1868 . 
whom Senate refused to confirm, or to consider any one but Stanton. 

Articles of impeachment presented in the House. Failui-e of im¬ 
peachment proceedings. Republican national convention nom¬ 
inated Grant on platform that it was the business of Congress to 
protect equal suffrage in the South; that the southern states had 
abandoned and lost their places by secession, and could only be 
readmitted on such terms as Congress fixed. Grant elected. 

Amendment to constitution giving suffrage without regard to 1869 . 
race, color or previous condition passed by Congress and subse¬ 
quently ratified by three-fourths of the states. 

Admission of various states by conforming to acts of Congress, 1870 . 
Legal tender act which had been declared unconstitutional, now by 
change in supreme court declared constitutional. 

President’s message favoring annexation to the United States of 1871 . 
the West Indian republic of San Domingo, suggesting annexation 
by joint resolution as in the case of Texas, thus requiring only a 
majority vote in the Senate. Passage of civil service act and 
appointment of civil service commissioners. Passage of amnesty 
bill. 

Republican convention renominated Grant. Platform favoring 1872 . 
civil service reform, suppression of disorders in the South, demand¬ 
ing complete equality for all men throughout the country. Grant 
elected. 

Credit Mobilier agitation. Appointment of Poland Committee. 1873 . 
Salary grab. Increased President's salary to $30,000. Senators and 
representatives to $7,500. Returning board troubles in Louisiana. 
President drops the annexation of San Domingo. 

McEnery party in Louisiana seize stataoflices. United States sol- 1874 . 
diers drive out McEnery legislature. President in special message 
defended the action and appealed to Congress to do something to 
obviate such critical occasions. House thereupon indorsed Kel¬ 
logg’s government, and Senate approved the President’s action in 
the state. 

Passage of act for resumption of specie payment. Sumner’s 1875 . 
supplementary civil rights bill became a law. Whisky ring excite¬ 
ment. Acquittal of Babcock, the President's private secretary, from 
complicity in the whisky frauds. Carpet-bag governors of Arkan¬ 
sas and Mississippi call for United Sta es troops. Election for 



26 


PARTY HISTORY. 


members of Congress resulted in political revolution, Democrats 
securing control of the House. 

1876 . Senate abolished the twenty-second joint rule, leaving the elec¬ 

toral count without any provisions whatever for its government. 
President vetoed bill which had passed both houses for reduction of 
his salary to the old figures. Secretary of War Belknap impeached 
by the House, the Senate not sustaining the impeachment. Repub¬ 
lican convention nominated Hayes, of Ohio, on platform charging 
Democrats with treason, imbecility, falsehood, etc., favored re- 
sumption of specie payments and demanded immediate and strong 
exercise of Federal powers to secure rights of American citizens 
throughout the country. Hayes declared himself against sale of 
appointments to office for party services, and declared that he 
would accept but one term. Electoral commission. States of Flor¬ 
ida and Louisiana decided to have chosen Republican electors, and 
Hayes declared elected by a majority of one vote. 

1880 Republican convention nominated Garfield on platform denounc¬ 

ing Democratic party and a solid South, favored protective tariff, 
and the protection of citizens by Federal power, and restriction of 
Chinese emigration. Garfield elected, and Republican majority of 
one in Congress. 

1881 . Death of President Garfield. Arthur, President. 


At Cumberland a meal is spread for the train passengers which is not 
equaled on any railroad line in the country. This is a broad statement, but 
the many who have partaken of the good things at the Queen City will indorse 
every word of it. The hotel, which was built by the B. & O. Company, is a 
very commodious structure, and furnished throughout with all the facilities 
for first-class entertainment. The grounds about the building are beautifully 
laid out, and in the summer the attractions are of such character as to give it 
no mean pretension to resort popularity. 

From Pittsburgh the run over the B. & O. to Washington is made without 
the change of cars of any class whatever, the direct line of the Company from 
city to city being no less than seventy-two miles the shortest route. From 
Cleveland and Detroit the B. & O. is eighty-nine miles the shortest, and in¬ 
comparably the best in every respect. 

The excursion from Washington to Mount Vernon is a delightful means of 
putting in a day’s time, and costs very little. The ride down the Potomac is a 
charming one, while the inspection of the tomb of the Father of his Country 
is replete with interest. 

Sight seeing about Washington is exceedingly inexpensive, as streetcars 
and cab lines reach every point of interest, and admissions are free every¬ 
where. 




PARTY CONVENTIONS 


The first delegate convention or national assemblage of party men for the nomi¬ 
nation of candidates for President and Vice-President was held in 1831 by the Anti- 
Masonic party, the principles of which were, in everything excepting antagonism to 
Masons, practically the same as the Whigs. The inevitable nomination of Henry 
Clay, a Mason, by the Whigs, led to the independent action of those sympathizing 
with the Anti-Masonic cause. In 1832 both great parties inaugurated the National 
Convention system, which has been maintained since. Prior to 1832 the nomina¬ 
tions were made by legislatures of states expressing their preferences, or by an 
understanding that each party would support candidates for President and Vice- 
President who, from their distinguished services, entitled them to such high honor. 
Up to 1800 the two candidates receiving the highest number of electoral votes were 
declared President and Vice-President respectively. That year Congressional cau¬ 
cuses nominated two candidates for President, in order that one of them should 
be second highest and become Vice-President. Congressional, legislative, and other 
caucuses of leading party men remained in vogue until superseded by the National 
Convention in 1832. 

In this statement it is the purpose to briefly show the action taken from the 
organization of the government to the present time by one of the two great parties, 
and its antecedents, tributaries, etc., in naming Presidential candidates—namely, the 
Republican party. (In the edition of the Red Book for the Democratic National 
Convention will be found similar statements as regards the course of that party in 
the past as to Presidential nominees.) 

Taking the Federal party as the root of the present Republican party, it is fol¬ 
lowed down through the National Republican party and the Whig party in their 
different caucuses, conventions, etc. 

Washington supported unanimously; John Adams receiving at 1788. 
the assembling of the Electoral College 31 of the 69 votes. 


Washington and Adams generally supported by Federalists. Federalist 

_ 1792. 

Understood that Federalists should support John Adams, and Federalist, 
Thomas Pinckney, of Maryland. 1796. 


Caucus of Federal members of Congress nominated John Adams, Fed.Caucus, 
of Massachusetts, and C. C. Pinckney, of South Carolina. 1800, 






28 


PARTY CONVENTIONS. 


Federalist. Federalists offered as their candidates Charles C. Pinckney, of 
1804. South Carolina, and Rufus King, of New York. 


Federalist 

Caucus, 

1808. 


Congressional caucus of Federalists nominated C. C. Pinckney, 
of South Carolina, for President, and Rufus King, of New York, for 
Vice-President. 


Federalist 
Caucus, 
New York, 
1812. 


Leading Federalists in caucus held in New York city indorsed 
the nomination of De Witt Clinton, of New York, by Republican 
(Democratic) members of New York legislature and named Jared 
Ingersoll, of Pennsylvania, for Vice-President. 


Federalist, 

1816. 


Federalists supported Rufus King, of New York, for President, but 
had no candidate for Vice-President. 


1820, No nominations. No opposition to re-election of Monroe and 

No Nomina- Tompkins . 

tions. _ 

Loose Con- No nominations. Personal contest; Federalists, or Loose Con- 
stionist, structionists, as then termed, supporting Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 
and John Adams, of Massachusetts. 


Nat. Rep. 
Common 
Consent, 
1828. 


National Republicans, through legislative and other action, and 
by common consent, supported-John Quincy Adams, of Massachu¬ 
setts, and Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania. 


Anti- 
Masonic, 
Baltimore, 
Sept. 26, 
1831. 


Called to order by Judge Burt. Permanent president, John C. 
Spencer, of New York. Delegates present: New Hampshire 1, Maine 
2, Massachusetts 13, Rhode Island 4, Connecticut 6, Vermont 5, New 
York 31, New Jersey 4, Pennsylvania 10, Ohio 5, Maryland 1, Dela¬ 
ware 1. 

Among those in attendance were Chief Justice Marshall; Judge 
Barbour, of Virginia, and Senator Forsythe, of Georgia. 

William Wirt unanimously nominated for President, and Amos 
Ellmaker, of Pennsylvania, for Vice-President. 

Convention adjourned at midnight September 29. 


National 
Republican, 
Dec. 12. 
1831. 


Gen. Abner Lacock, of Pennsylvania, called to the chair. Sixteen 
States represented, with 130 delegates: Maine, New Hampshire, Ver¬ 
mont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Ken¬ 
tucky, North Carolina, Indiana, Louisiana, and District of Columbia. 
James Barbour, of Virginia, permanent president. Henry Clay 












PARTY CONVENTIONS. 


29 


unanimously nominated for the Presidency on second day’s session, 
December 13. On the third day, December 14, John Sergeant, of 
Pennsylvania, was unanimously nominated for Vice-President, there 
being on this day 160 delegates present. Convention adjourned sine 
die December 16. 


National Republicans merged into Whigs. State convention in National 
Pennsylvania of Anti-Masonic party and of Whig party nomi- Republican, 
nated and indorsed William H. Harrison, of Ohio, for President, and Whig-, 

Francis Granger, of New York, for Vice-President. Massachusetts 
legislature nominated Daniel Webster, and Ohio legislature John ^335 ’ 

McLean. 


Jas. Barbour, ex-Governor of Virginia, president. On the sixth National 
ballot it was shown that 254 votes had been cast, making 128 neces- Whig, 
sary to a choice. Gen. Winfield Scott, of New Jersey, received 16; Harrisburg, 
Henry Clay, of Kentucky, 90, and Gen. William H. Harrison, of Ohio, 

148, and was declared nominated. The following day John Tyler, of 
Virginia, was nominated as candidate for Vice-President, and the 
convention adjourned sine die. Subsequently, and commencing on 
May 5, an enormous ratifying convention of delegates from all 
States in the Union was held in Baltimore, indorsing with the great¬ 
est enthusiasm the nomination of Harrison and Tyler —Henry Clay, 

Webster, Wise, of Virginia, and other distinguished men being 
present. 


Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, calling the convention to order. National 

Hon. Arthur L. Hopkins, of Alabama, president pro tern. Penna- Whig, 

nent president, Hon. Ambrose Spencer, of New York. Henry Clay Baltimore, 

nominated for President with great enthusiasm by unanimous vote -^^y ^ r 

1844 

of convention on the first ballot. On first ballot for Vice-President 
John Davis, of Massachusetts, received 83, Millard Fillmore 53, T. 
Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, 101, John Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, 

38. The New England delegation were divided, 5 being for Davis, 
and Rhode Island for Frelinghuysen. New York voted for Fillmore, 
and some scattering votes in the West. Mr. Sergeant received scat¬ 
tering votes from the West, and the unanimous vote of his own 
State. On second ballot Davis received 74, Fillmore 51, Frelinghuy¬ 
sen 118, Sergeant 32. The last named was withdrawn on the third 
ballot, and Frelinghuysen nominated by 155, with Davis 78, and Fill¬ 
more 40. 


Called to order by Mr. White, of Pennsylvania. Hon. John A. National 
Colyer, of New York, temporary president; Hon. James Harlan, of W^hig, 
Kentucky, temporary secretary; John Sherman, of Ohio, additional Philada., 
secretary. Thirty States represented. John Merabend, of North * 1 

Carolina, president; John Sherman, of Ohio, secretary. Of the per- 
rhanent secretaries were John Sherman, of Ohio, and Schuyler Col- 








30 


PARTY CONVENTIONS 


fax, of Indiana. Gen. Z. Taylor, of Louisiana; Henry Clay, of Ken¬ 
tucky; John M. Clayton, of Delaware; Gen. Scott, and Daniel Web¬ 
ster were of the candidates for President. On first ballot Taylor had 
111, Clay 97, Scott 43, Webster 22, and scattering votes for McCleary 
and Clayton. Total votes 279, necessary to a choice 140. On second 
ballot Taylor 118, Webster 82, Clay 86, Scott 49. Third ballot Taylor 
133, Clay 74, Scott 54, Webster 17. Fourth ballot Taylor 171, Clay 32, 
Scott 63, Webster 14, and Taylor was declared the nominee. The 
first ballot for Vice-President scattered over 14 candidates —Law¬ 
rence, of Massachusetts, 109, and Fillmore, of New York, 115, leading. 
On second ballot Fillmore 173, and Lawrence 87, the former was 
declared nominated. Among those who received votes for Vice 
President were Hamilton Fish, of New York, and Thomas Ewing, of 
Ohio. 


National 
Whig 1 , 
Baltimore, 
June 16, 
1852. 


Simeon Draper, of New York, called it to order. Hon. Geo. Evans, 
president pro tern. Among the delegates were Rufus Choate, of 
Massachusetts, John Janney, of Virginia, Wasliburne, of Illinois, 
and Moorehead, of Missouri. Permanent president, John G. Chap¬ 
man, of Maryland. Among the secretaries were Colfax, of Indiana, 
and Morrill, of Vermont ; among the delegates, John Sherman, of 
Ohio, and Gen. Zollicoffcr, of Tennessee. Convention commenced 
balloting on Saturday, June 19. First ballot Webster received 29; 
Fillmore 133, and Scott 133; 2d, Webster 29, Fillmore 131, and Scott 
133. The 3d was same as the 2d; 4th, Webster same, Fillmore lost 1, 
and Scott gained 1; 5th, Webster gained 1, Fillmore 3, and Scott lost 
4; 6th was exactly the same as the 1st, and there was practically no 
change all Saturday morning and afternoon, the fluctuations not 
being to exceed five on any vote during any of the forty-six ballots 
taken up to the adjournment Saturday evening. On Monday morn¬ 
ing Fillmore had 1 more vote than he closed with Saturday night, 
Scott 1 more, and Webster 2 less. On the 48th Fillmore had 124, on 
49th lost 2, same on 50th, lost 2 on 51st, 1 on 52d, and 7 on 63d. Web¬ 
ster gained 1 on 48th, remained same on 49th, lost 2 on 50th, no 
change to 52d, when he lost 3, and on 53d lost 4, making his total 21. 
The few scattering votes leaving these two candidates on each bal¬ 
lot went to Scott, and he went from 135 on the 47th to 137, 139, 143, 
143, 148, and was nominated by 159 on the 53d. 

Bates, of Missouri, led on the 1st ballot for Vice-President, with 
Graham, of North Carolina, second with 73, the others scattered 
among fifteen candidates. On the 2d Graham was nominated by 169 
votes with 40 for Bates, and balance scattering. 


Know- 
Nothing:, 
Philada., 
Feb. 22, 

1856. 


Isaac Hazleliurst, of Pennsylvania, in chair. Ephraim Marsh, of 
New Jersey, permanent president. Among the vice-presidents were 
Erastus Brooks, of New York, Zollicoffer, of Tennessee, and Gov. 
Call, of Florida. Parson Brownlow one of the delegates. After 
three days’ session of great excitement a ballot was reached, result- 





PARTY CONVENTIONS 


31 


ing 179 for Fillmore, 24 for Law, 14 for Rayner, and 13 for McLean. 
Fillmore was declared nominatid. 

For Vice-President Andrew Jackson Donelson, of Tennessee, re¬ 
ceived 181, Gardner 12, Rayner 8, Walker 8, arid Stewart 2, and Don¬ 
elson was declared nominated. 


William S. Chley, of Maryland, calling it to order. Ex-Gov. Hunt, National 
of New York, invited to the chair. Henry W. Thomas, of Virginia, Whig 1 , 
temporary secretary. Permanent president, Edward Bates of Mis- Baltimore, 
souri. Delegates present from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, 

North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, 

Louisiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Ohio 
and District of Columbia. 

Convention recommended Millard Fillmore and A. J. Donelson to 
go before the people of the country for President and Vice-Presi¬ 
dent, and after a three days’ session adjourned sine die. 


Among the delegates was Horace Greeley. John A. King, of New National 
York, called to the chair. Francis P. Blair elected permanent presi- Republican, 
dent, and Mr. Julian, of Indiana, chairman of committee on organi- 
zation. Among the delegates was Gov. Bingham, of Michigan. 2.856 * 

Convention adjourned on the 23d to meet at Philadelphia on June 
17 to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the 
United States. 


Hon. Robert Emmett, of New York, temporary chairman. Fol- National 
lowing States represented: Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Republican, 
Rhode Island, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Mary- 

J une 1 v 

land, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, 2856 * 

California, Kansas, Kentucky, Minnesota, District of Columbia. 

Among the delegates were Gideon Wells, Francis P. Blair, Moses 
Grinnell, Charles Francis Adams, Senator Wilson, and Alex. Ram¬ 
sey. Henry Sloan, of Indiana, permanent president. First ballot: 

Fremont 359, McLean 196, Banks 1, Seward 1, Sumner 2. Fremont’s 
nomination was made unanimous. All the New England States 
voted for Fremont, with the exception of 11 votes for McLean. New 
York gave 93 for Fremont. Dayton, of New Jersey, was nominated 
for Vice President, on first ballot receiving 259 votes to HO for Lin- 
, coin, the rest scattering among a large number of candidates. 


David Wilmot, temporary chairman. Alabama, Mississippi and National 
South Carolina not represented by delegation. Permanent presi- Republican, 
dent, Geo. Aslimun, of Massachusetts. Twenty four states in all 
represented. Virginia, Kentucky, Oregon, Maryland and Texas liav- 2860. ' 

ing their representation reduced, balloting was reached on the third 
day. First resulted: Seward 173, Lincoln 102, Bates 101, Cameron 50, 









32 


PARTY CONVENTIONS 


Republican, 
Baltimore, 
June 7, 

1864. 


Republican, 
Chicago, 
May 20, 

1868. 


Republican, 

Phila., 

June 5, 
1872. 


McLane 12, Wade 3, Dayton 14. Second ballot: Seward 18434, Lincoln, 
181}4, scattering 38. Third ballot: Seward, 11134, Lincoln 231, or 3 
more than a majority, and he was declared the nominee. In the 
afternoon first ballot for Vice-President was taken; Hannibal Ham¬ 
lin, of Maine, received 194, C. M. Clay, of Kentucky, 101; on the second 
ballot Hamlin was nominated by unanimous vote. The states which 
voted for Mr. Lincoln were, Maine 6 , New Hampshire 9, Vermont 10, 
Massachusetts 8 , Rhode Island 5, Connecticut 2, New Jersey 8 , Penn¬ 
sylvania 52, Delaware 0, Maryland 9, Virginia 14, Kentucky 13, Ohio 
29, Iowa 5, Indiana 26, Illinois 22, Nebraska 3, Oregon 4. The states 
that held to Seward to the last were, New York 70, Massachusetts 8 , 
Maryland 2, Wisconsin 10, New Jersey 5, Pennsylvania 1)4, Michigan 
2 , California 3. 


Called to order by Hon. Edwin D. Morgan, of New York. Robert 
J. Breckinridge, of Kentucky, temporary president. Permanent 
president, Hon. William Dennison, of Ohio. Following states repre¬ 
sented: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela¬ 
ware, Maryland, Louisiana, Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Ken¬ 
tucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, 
California, Oregon, West Virginia, Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado and 
Nevada. Lincoln nominated on first ballot by a vote of all the 
States except Missouri, which cast her 22 for U. S. Grant. A. John¬ 
son, of Tennessee, was nominated for Vice-President on first ballot 
by vote of 200 to 183 for Daniel S. Dickinson, of New York, 145 for 
Hamlin, of Maine, 28 for Benjamin Butler, 21 for General Rousseau, 2 
for Burnside, 6 for Colfax, 2 for Holt, 1 for Todd, and 1 for King. 
Subsequently states changed their votes and the final result was 
494 for Johnson, 17 for Dickinson, and 9 for Hamlin. Of Dickinson’s 
17 Massachusetts cast 3, Rhode Island 1 , Wisconsin 10, and Minne¬ 
sota 3. Hamlin had 4 from Wisconsin and 5 from Minnesota. 


Called to order by George Ward; Carl Seliurz temporary chair¬ 
man. Gov. Hawley, of Connecticut, permanent chairman. General 
Grant nominated on first ballot by unanimous vote of the conven¬ 
tion. On first ballot for Vice-President, Wade 149, Fenton 132, Wil¬ 
son 119, Colfax 118, Harlan 16, Kelly 6 , Creswell 14. Whole number 
of votes 648; necessary to choice 325. On the second ballot Wade 
went to 170, Colfax 149, Fenton 140, Wilson close behind. Third bal¬ 
lot, Wade 175, Colfax 155, Fenton 144. On the fourth, Wade 204, Col¬ 
fax 187, Fenton 146. Fifth, Colfax 522, Wade 42, Wilson 11, Fenton 
75. 


Gov. Clafiin called convention to order. Morton McMiehael, of 
Philadelphia, temporary chairman, Thomas Settle, of North Caro¬ 
lina, permanent president. General Grant nominated by unani¬ 
mous vote. For Vice-President on first ballot Wilson received 364J4, 






PARTY CONVENTIONS 


33 


Colfax 321J£. Pennsylvania voted solid for Wilson, and New York 
solid for Colfax. At close of call Virginia changed her 20 votes to 
Wilson, which nominated him. 


Called to order by Gov. Morgan. Theodore M. Pomeroy, of New 
York, temporary chairman; Edward McPherson, permanent chair¬ 
man. Balloting reached on Saturday, 17. 379 votes necessary to 
choice. Fii'st ballot, Blaine 285, Bristow 113, Oonkling 99, Hartranft 
58, Hayes 61, Jewell 11, Morton 124, Wheeler 3. Second ballot, Blaine 
gained 11, Bristow 1, Conkling lost 6, Morton 4, Hartranft gained 5 
and Hayes 3. Third ballot same as second. Fourth, Blaine lost 4, 
Bristow gained 12, Conkling lost 9, Hartranft gained 8, Hayes 4, and 
Morton lost 12; Washburne appeared with three votes. Fifth bal¬ 
lot, Blaine lost 6, dropping back to 1 more than on his first ballot; 
Bristow and the rest remained about the same. Sixth, Blaine went 
up to 308, a gain of 22 over the fifth ballot and 23 over his first; Bris¬ 
tow ill, Morton dropped to 85, Hayes ran up to 113. On the seventh 
ballot Cumback, of Indiana, withdrew name of Morton, and Harlan, 
of Kentucky, withdrew name of Bristow; the result of the ballot 
was—Blaine 351, Bristow 21, Hayes 384, and he was declared the 
nominee. The following is the vote in detail on final result: Ala¬ 
bama, Blaine 17, Bristow 3; Arkansas, Blaine 11, Hayes 1; Califor¬ 
nia, Blaine 6, Hayes 6; Colorado, Blaine 6; Connecticut, Blaine 2, 
Bristow 7, Hayes 3; Delaware, Blaine 6; Florida, Blaine 8; Georgia, 
Blaine 14, Bristow 1, Hayes 7; Illinois, Blaine 35, Bristow 5, Hayes 2; 
Indiana, Bristow 5, Hayes 25; Iowa, Blaine 22; Kansas, Blaine 10; 
Kentucky, Hayes 24; Louisiana, Blaine 14, Hayes 2; New Jersey, 
Blaine 12, Hayes 6; New York, Hayes 61, Blaine 9; North Carolina, 
Hayes 20; Ohio, Hayes 44; Oregon, Blaine 6; Pennsylvania, Blaine 
24, Hayes 34; Rhode Island, Blaine 2, Hayes 6; South Carolina, 
Blaine 7, Hayes 7; Tennessee, Blaine 6, Hayes 18; Maine, Blaine 14; 
Maryland, Blaine 16; Massachusetts, Blaine 5, Hayes 21; Michigan, 
Hayes 22; Minnesota, Blaine 9, Hayes 1; Mississippi, Hayes 16; Mis¬ 
souri, Blaine 20, Hayes 10; Nebraska, Blaine 6; Nevada, Hayes 6; 
New Hampshire, Blaine 7, Hayes 3: Texas, Blaine 1, Hayes 15; Ver¬ 
mont, Hayes 10; Virginia, Blaine 14, Hayes 8; West Virginia, Blaine 
10; Wisconsin, Blaine 16, Hayes 4; Arizona, Blaine 2; Dakota, Blaine 
2; District of Columbia, Blaine 2; Idaho, Blaine 2; Montana, Hayes 
2; New Mexico, Blaine 2; Utah, Blaine 2; Washington Ter. Blaine 
2; Wyoming, Blaine 2. W. A. Wheeler, of New York, nominated for 
Vice-President by unanimous vote. 


Called to order by Don Cameron. George F. Hoar, of Massachu¬ 
setts, temporary chairman, and subsequently, on the 5th, was 
made permanent chairman. First ballot was not reached until 
Tuesday, 8. Total vote 755; necessary to a choice 379. First ballot, 
Grant received 304, Blaine 284, Sherman 93, Edmunds 34, Windom 10, 
and Washburne 30. During the twenty-eight ballots of the day, 


Republican, 
Cincinnati, 
June 2, 
1876. 


✓**- 


Republican, 
Chicago, 
June 2, 
1880. 








34 


PARTY CONVENTIONS. 


Grant steadily progressed to 309 votes on the fifteenth ballot, drop¬ 
ping back and closing at 308 on the twenty-eighth. Blaine reached 
285 on the fourteenth and closed with 278 on the twenty-eighth. 
Sherman had two less on the twenty-eighth than on the first. Ed¬ 
munds three less, and Windom kept his 10 the whole twenty-eight 
ballots. Washburne had 5 more on the twenty-eighth than on the 
first. Garfield had 1 on the second ballot, fluctuated between 1 and 
2 and wound up with the latter number on the twenty-eighth. On 
the third, fourth and fifth. Harrison, of Indiana, had 1 vote. Hayes 
received 1 on the tenth. On the first ballot Blaine had 1 from Ala¬ 
bama, 12 from California, Connecticut 3, Delaware 6, Illinois 10, In¬ 
diana 26, Iowa 22, Kansas 6, Kentucky 1, Louisiana 2, Maine 14, Mary¬ 
land 7. Michigan 21, Mississippi 4, Nebraska 6, New Hampshire 10. 
New Jersey 16, New York 17, Ohio 9, Oregon 6, Pennsylvania 23, 
Rhode Island 8, Tennessee 6, Texas 2, Virginia 3, West Virginia 8, 
Wisconsin 7, Arizona 2, Dakota 1, Idaho 2, Montana 2, New Mexico 2, 
Utah 1, Washington 2, Wyoming 1, District of Columbia 1. Ad¬ 
journed until next day. Twenty-ninth ballot was practically same 
as twenty-eighth; thirtieth same; on thirty-first Blaine lost 2, on 
thirty-second 6; on thirty-third gained 6; lost 1 on thirty-fourth; on 
the thirty-fifth Grant went to 312, Blaine fell back to 257, and Gar¬ 
field went to 50; on the thirty-sixth ballot Blaine men went to Gar¬ 
field all but 42, the result being Garfield 399, Grant 306, Blaine 42, 
Sherman 3, Washburne 5. The highest vote Grant received on any 
ballot was on the thirty-fourth, which was 312. The highest vote 
Blaine received was on the fourteenth, 285. The highest for Sher¬ 
man was on the thirtieth, 120. Highest for Edmunds on twelfth and 
thirteenth, 33. Chester A. Arthur, of New York, was nominated for 
Vice-President on first ballot by 468 votes, 193 Washburne, 44 Jewell, 
30 Maynard, the rest scattering. 


The summit of Cranberry Grade, in the Alleghanies, as viewed from a 
car window on picturesque B. & O., opens up to the view a matchless pan¬ 
orama, combining lofty peaks, wavy lines of cloud-capped crests and bewitch¬ 
ing glimpses of valley, which, in any direction appear almost without end. 
Down the grade, and a quick turn discloses the picturesque village of Rowles- 
burg, on the banks of Cheat River. Then the climb up Cheat River grade, 
with its varying and constantly more impressive realization of mountain 
grandeur. At Buckhorn Wall it culminates in one of the most glorious of 
views. Mountain top, verily, yet peaks rising still higher, and peak after 
peak in the distance, which appear to hide their hoary heads in the clouds 
themselves. Straight down, a thousand feet or more, is the glistening ribbon 
marking where the waters of the Cheat beat their tumultuous way through 
gorge and canon. 







PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS. 


From first, and through each succeeding administration, to the present time. 
The Postmaster General was not recognized as a Cabinet officer until 1829. Those 
preceding this date are, however, included in the Cabinets at periods when they 
were appointed. 

President, George Washington of Virginia; Vice-President, John First, 

Adams of Massachusetts; Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson of Washington 
Virginia; Secretary of the Treasury, Alex. Hamilton of New York; 1789-1793. 
Secretary of War, Henry Knox of Massachusetts; Attorney General, 

Edmund Randolph of Virginia; Postmaster General, Timothy Pick¬ 
ering of Pennsylvania. 

President, George Washington of Virginia; Vice-President, John Second, 
Adams of Massachusetts; Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson of 
Virginia to January, 1794, Edmund Randolph of Virginia to Decern- y ' • 

her, 1795, Timothy Pickering of Massachusetts; Secretary of the 
Treasury, Alexander Hamilton of New York to February, 1795, Oli¬ 
ver Wolcott of Connecticut; Secretary of War, Henry Knox of 
Massachusetts to January, 1795, Timothy Pickering of Massachu¬ 
setts to January, 1796, James McHenry of Maryland; Attorney Gen¬ 
eral, Edmund Randolph of Virginia to January, 1794, William Brad¬ 
ford of Pennsylvania to December, 1795, Charles Lee of Virginia; 

Postmaster General, Joseph Habersham of Georgia. 

President, John Adams of Massachusetts; Vice-President,Thomas Third, 
Jefferson of Virginia; Secretary of State, Timothy Pickering of Adams, 
Massachusetts to May, 1800, John Marshall of Virginia; Secretary of 1797-1801. 
the Treasury, Oliver Wolcott of Massachusetts to January, 1801; 

Secretary of War, James McHenry of Maryland to May, 1800, Roger 
Griswold of Connecticut; Secretary of the Navy, George Cabot of 
Massachusetts to March, 1798, Benj. Stoddert of Maryland; Attorney 
General, Charles Lee of Virginia to February, 1801, Theo. Parsons of 
Massachusetts; Postmaster General, Gideon Granger of Connecticut. 

President, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia; Vice-President, Aaron Fourth, 

Burr of New York; Secretary of State, James Madison of Virginia; 

Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania; Secre- 1“01-180 . 
tary of War, Henry Dearborn of Massachusetts; Secretary of the 
Navy, Robert Smith of Maryland; Attorney General, Levi Lincoln, 
of Massachusetts. 


35 


36 


PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS. 


Fifth, 

Jefferson, 

1805-1809. 


Sixth, 

Madison, 

1809-1813. 


Seventh, 

Madison, 

1813-1817. 


Eighth, 

Monroe, 

1817 - 1821 . 


Ninth, 

Monroe, 

1821-1825. 


Tenth, 

J. Q,.Adams 
1825-1829. 


President, Thomas Jefferson of Virginia; Vice-President, George 
Clinton of New York; Secretary of State, James Madison of Vir¬ 
ginia; Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania; 
Secretary of War, Henry Dearborn of Massachusetts; Secretary of 
the Navy, Jacob Crowninshield of Massachusetts; Attorney General, 
Robert Smith of Maryland to August. 1805, John Breckinridge of 
Kentucky to January, 1807, Ca?sar A. Rodney of Pennsylvania. 

President, James Madison of Virginia; Vice-President, George 
Clinton of New York; Secretary of State, Robert Smith of Maryland 
to April, 1811, .lames Monroe of Virginia; Secretary of the Treasury, 
Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania; Secretary of War, William Eustis 
of Massachusetts to January, 1813, John Armstrong of New York; 
Secretary of the Navy, Paul Hamilton of South Carolina, to Janu¬ 
ary 1813, William Jones of Pennsylvania; Attorney General, Cajsar 
A. Rodney of Pennsylvania to December, 1811, William Pinckney of 
Maryland. 

President, James Madison of Virginia; Vice-President, Elbridge 
Gerry of Massachusetts; Secretary of State, James Monroe of Vir¬ 
ginia; Secretary of the Treasury, Albert Gallatin of Pennsylvania 
to February, 1814, George W. Campbell of Tennessee to October, 1814, 
Alex. James Dallas of Pennsylvania to October, 1816, William H. 
Crawford of Georgia; Secretary of War. James Monroe to August, 
1815, William H. Crawford of Georgia; Secretary of the Navy, Will¬ 
iam P. Jones of Pennsylvania to December, 1814, B. W. Crownin¬ 
shield of Massachusetts; Attorney General, William Pinckney of 
Maryland to February, 1814, Richard Rush of Pennsylvania; Post¬ 
master General, Retun J. Meigs of Ohio. 

President, James Monroe of Virginia; Vice-President, Daniel D. 
Tompkins of New York; Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams of 
Massachusetts; Secretary of the Treasury, William H. Crawford of 
Georgia; Secretary of War, Isaac Shelby of Kentucky to April, 1817, 
George Graham of Virginia to October, 1817, John C. Calhoun of 
South Carolina; Secretary of the Navy, B. W. Crowninshield of Mas¬ 
sachusetts to November, 1818, Smith Thompson of New York; Attor¬ 
ney General, Richard Rush of Pennsylvania to November, 1817, Wm. 
Wirt of Virginia. 

President, James Monroe of Virginia; Vice-President, Daniel D. 
Tompkins of New York; Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams of 
Massachusetts; Secretary of the Treasury, William H. Crawford of 
Georgia; Secretary of War, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina; 
Secretary of the Navy, Smith Thompson of New York to September, 
1823, Samuel L. Southard of New Jersey; Attorney General, William 
Wirt of Virginia; Postmaster General, John McLean of Ohio. 

President, John Quincy Adams of Massachusetts; Vice-President, 
, John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina; Secretary of State, Henry Clay 
of Kentucky; Secretary of the Treasury, Richard Rush of Pennsyl¬ 
vania; Secretary of War, James Barbour of Virginia to May, 1828, 
Peter B. Porter of New York; Secretary of the Navy, Samuel L. 




PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS. 


37 


Southard of New .Jersey; Attorney General, William Wirt of Vir¬ 
ginia. 

President, Andrew Jackson of Tennessee; Vice-President, John C. Eleventh, ' 
Calhoun of South Carolina; Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren Jackson, 
to May, 1831, Edward Livingston of Louisiana; Secretary of the 1829-1833. 
Treasury, Samuel D. Ingham of Pennsylvania to August, 1831, Louis 
McLane of Delaware; Secretary of War, John H. Eaton of Tennessee 
to August, 1831, Lewis Cass of Ohio; Secretary of the Navy, John 
Branch of North Carolina to May, 1831, Levi Woodbury of New 
Hampshire; Attorney General, John M. Berrien of Georgia, to July 
1831, Roger B. Taney of Maryland; Postmaster General, William T. 

Barry of Kentucky. 

President, Andrew Jackson of Tennessee; Vice-President, Martin Twelfth, 

Van Buren of New York; Secretary of State, Louis McLane of Dela- Jackson, 
ware to June, 1834; Secretary of the Treasury, William J. Duane of 1833-1837. 
Pennsylvania to September, 1833, Roger B. Taney of Maryland to 
June, 1834, Levi Woodbury of New Hampshire; Secretary of War, 

Lewis Cass of Ohio; Secretary of the Navy, Lewis Woodbury of New 
Hampshire to June, 1834, Malilon Dickerson of New Jersey; Post¬ 
master General, William T. Barry of Kentucky to May, 1835, Amos 
Kendall of Kentucky; Attorney General, Roger B. Taney of Mary¬ 
land to November, 1833, Benjamin F. Butler of New York. 

President, Martin Van Buren of New York; Vice-President, Rich- Thirteenth, 

ard M. Johnson of Kentucky; Secretary of State, John Forsyth of Van Buren, 

1 ft 1 } 1 ? 1 R4-1 

Georgia; Secretary of the Treasury, Levi Woodbury of New Hamp- ' • 

shire; Secretary of War, Benj. F. Butler of New York to March, 

1837, Joel K. Poinsett of South Carolina; Secretary of the Navy, 

Mahlon Dickerson of New Jersey to June, 1838, James K. Paulding of 
New Jersey; Postmaster General, Amos Kendall of Kentucky to 
May, 1840, John M. Niles of Connecticut; Attorney General, Benj. F- 
Butler of New York to July, 1838, Felix Grundy of Tennessee to 
January, 1840, Henry D. Gilpin of Pennsylvania. 

President, Wm. Henry Harrison of Ohio; Vice-President, John Fourteenth, 
Tyler of Virginia; Secretary of State, Daniel Webster of Massa- Harrison, 
chusetts to May, 1843, Hugh S. Legare of South Carolina to July, Tvler 
1843, Abel P. Upshur of Virginia to March, 1844, John C. Calhoun of 
South Carolina; Secretary of the Treasury, Thomas Ewing of Ohio 
to September, 1841, John C. Spencer of New York to June, 1844, Geo. 

M. Bibb of Kentucky; Secretary of War, John Bell of Tennessee to 
September, 1841, John C. Spencer of New York to March, 1843, James 
M. Porter of Pennsylvania to February, 1844, then William Wilkens 
of Pennsylvania; Secretary of the Navy, George E. Badger of 
North Carolina to September, 1841, Abel P. Upshur of Virginia to 
July, 1843, Daniel Henshaw of Massachusetts to February, 1844, Thos. 

W. Gilmer of Virginia to March, 1844, then John Y. Mason of Vir¬ 
ginia; Postmaster General, Francis Granger of New York to Septem¬ 
ber 1841, then Charles A. Wickliffe of Kentucky; Attorney General, 

John J. Crittenden of Kentucky to September, 1841, Hugh S. Legare 
of South Carolina to July, 1843, then John Nelson of Maryland. 



38 


PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS 


Fifteenth, 

Polk, 

1845-1849. 


Sixteenth, 

Taylor, 

1849-1853, 

Fillmore. 


Seventeenth 

Pierce, 

1853-1857. 


Eighteenth, 

Buchanan, 

1857-1861. 


President, James K. Polk of Tennessee; Vice-President, George 
M. Dallas of Pennsylvania; Secretary of State, James Buchanan of 
Pennsylvania; Secretary of the Treasury, Robert J. Walker of Mis¬ 
sissippi; Secretary of War, Wm. L. Marcy of New York; Secretary 
of the Navy, George Bancroft of Massachusetts to September, 184G. 
then John Y. Mason of Virginia; Postmaster General, Cave Johnson 
of Tennessee; Attorney General, John Y. Mason of Virginia to Octo¬ 
ber, 1846, Nathan Clifford of Maine to June, 1848, then Isaac Toueey 
of Connecticut. 

President, Zachary Taylor of Louisiana; Vice-President, Millard 
Fillmore of New York; Secretary of State, John M. Clayton of Dela¬ 
ware to July, 1850, Daniel Webster of Massachusetts to December, 
1852, then Edward Everett of Massachusetts; Secretary of the 
Treasury, William M. Meredith to July, 1850, then Thomas Corwin of 
Ohio; Secretary of War, George W. Crawford of Georgia to July 
20, 1850, Edward Bates of Missouri to July 23,1850, Winfield Scott of 
Virginia to August, 1850, then Charles M. Conrad of Louisiana. 
Secretary of the Navy, William B. Preston of Virginia to July, 1850, 
William A. Graham of North Carolina to July, 1852, then John P. 
Kennedy of Maryland; Secretary of the Interior, Thomas Ewing of 
Ohio to July, 1850, James A. Pierce of Maryland to August, 1850. 
Thomas M. T. McKennan of Pennsylvania to September, 1850, then 
Alex. H. H. Stuart of Virginia. Postmaster General, Jacob Col- 
lamer of Vermont to July, 1850, Nathan K. Hall of New York to 
August, 1852, then Sam’l I). Hubbard of Connecticut. Attorney 
General, Reverdy Johnson of Maryland to July, 1850, then John J. 
Crittenden of Kentucky. 

President, Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire; Vice-President. 
Wm. R. King, of Alabama; Secretary of State, Wm. L. Marcy, of 
New York ; Secretary of the Treasury, James Guthrie, of Kentucky; 
Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi; Secretary of the 
Navy, James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina; Secretary of the Inte¬ 
rior, Robert McClelland, of Michigan; Postmaster General, James 
Campbell, of Pennsylvania; Attorney General, Caleb Cushing, of 
Massachusetts. 

President, James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania; Vice-President. 
John C. Breckinridge, of Kentucky; Secretary of State, Lewis Cass, 
of Michigan, to March, 1857, then Jeremiah Black, of Pennsylvania; 
Secretary of the Treasury, Howell Cobb, of Georgia, to December. 
18G0, Phillip F. Thomas, of Maryland, to January, 1861, then John A. 
Dix, of New Y^ork; Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, of Virginia, to 
January, 1861, then Joseph Holt, of Kentucky; Secretary of the 
Navy, Isaac Toueey, of Connecticut; Secretary of the Interior, 
Jacob Thompson; Postmaster General, Aaron N. Brown, of Tennes 
see, to March. 1859; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, to February, 1861, 
then Horatio King, of Maine; Attorney General, Jeremiah S. Black, 
of Pennsylvania, to December, 1860. then Edwin M. Stanton, of Penn¬ 
sylvania. 






PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS. 


39 


President, Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois; Vice-President, Hanni¬ 
bal Hamlin, of Maine; Secretary of State, Win. H. Seward, of New 
York; Secretary of the Treasury, Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, to July, 
1864, then Wm. Pitt Fessenden, of Maine; Secretary of War, Simon 
Cameron, of Pennsylvania, to January, 1862, then Edwin M. Stanton, 
of Pennsylvania; Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles, of Connec¬ 
ticut; Secretary of the Interior, Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana, to Jan¬ 
uary, 1863, then John P. Usher, of Indiana; Postmaster General, 
Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, to September, 1861, then Wm. Den¬ 
nison, of Ohio; Attorney General, Edward Bates, of Missouri, to 
June, 1863, T. J. Coffey, of Pennsylvania, to December, 1861, then 
James Speed, of Kentucky. 

President, Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois; Vice-President, Andrew 
Johnson, of Tennessee; Secretary of State, Wm. H. Seward, of New 
York; Secretary of the Treasury, Hugh McCulloch, of Indiana; 
Secretary of War, Edwin M. Stanton, of Pennsylvania, to August, 
1867, U. S. Grant, of Illinois, to February, 1868 Lorenzo Thomas, of 
Delaware, to May, 1868, then John M. Schofield, of Illinois; Secretary 
of the Navy, Gideon Welles, of Connecticut; Secretary of the 
Interior, John P. Usher, of Indiana, to May, 1865, James Harlan, of 
Iowa, to July, 1866, then 0. H. Browning, of Illinois; Postmaster 
General, Wm. Dennison, of Ohio, to July, 1866, then Alex. W. Randall, 
of Wisconsin; Attorney General, James Speed, of Kentucky, to July, 
1866, Henry Stanberry, of Ohio, to July, 1868, then Wm. M. Evarts, of 
New York. 

President, U. S. Grant of Illinois; Vice-President, Schuyler Colfax 
of Indiana; Secretary of State, E. B. Washburne of Illinois, to 
March 1869, then Hamilton Fish of New York; Secretary of the 
Treasury, George S. Boutwell of Massachusetts; Secretary of War, 
John A. Rawlins of Illinois, to September 1869, then William T. 
Sherman of Ohio, to October 1869, then William W. Belknap of 
Iowa; Secretary of the Navy, Adolph E. Borie o- Pennsylvania, 
to June 1869, then George M. Robeson of New Jersey; Secretary of 
the Interior, Jacob D. Cox of Ohio, to November 1870, then Colum¬ 
bus Delano of Ohio; Postmaster General, John A. J. Creswell of 
Maryland; Attorney General, E. Rockwood Hoar of Massachusetts, 
to June 1870, Amos T. Akerman of Georgia to December, 1861, then 
George H. Williams of Oregon. 

President, U. S. Grant of Illinois; Vice-President, Henry Wilson 
of Massachusetts; Secretary of State, Hamilton Fish of New Y'ork; 
Secretary of the Treasury, William A. Richardson of Massachusetts, 
to June 1874, Benjamin F. Bristow of Kentucky, to June 1876, then 
Lot M. Morrill of Maine; Secretary of War, William W. Belknap of 
Iowa, to March 1876, Alphonso Taft of Ohio, to May 1876, then Donald 
Cameron of Pennsylvania; Secretary of the Navy, George M. Robe¬ 
son of New Jersey; Secretary of the Interior, Columbus Delano of 
Ohio, to October 1875, then Zachariah Chandler of Michigan; Post¬ 
master General, John A. J. Creswell of Maryland, to August 1874, 


Nineteenth, 

Lincoln, 

1861-1805. 


Twentieth, 

Lincoln, 

1865-1869, 

Johnson. 


Twenty- 

first, 

Grant, 

1869-1873. 


Twenty- 

second, 

Grant, 

1873-1877. 





40 


PRESIDENTS AND CABINETS. 


Marshall Jewell of Connecticut to July, 1876, then James M. Tyner of 
Indiana; Attorney General, George H. Williams of Oregon to April, 
1875, Edward Pierrepont of New York to May, 1876, then Alphonso 
Taft of Ohio. 

President, Rutherford B. Hayes of Ohio; Vice-President, William 
A. Wheeler of New York; Secretary of State, William M. Evarts of 
New York; Secretary of the Treasury, John Sherman of Ohio; Sec¬ 
retary' of War, George W. McCrary of Iowa to December, 1879, then 
Alexander Ramsey of Minnesota; Secretary of the Navy, Richard 
W. Thompson of Indiana to January, 1881, then Nathan Goff of 
West Virginia; Secretary of the Interior, Carl Schurz of Missouri; 
Postmaster General, David McKey of Tennessee to August, 1880, then 
Horace Maynard of Tennessee; Attorney General, Charles Devens 
of Massachusetts. 

President, James A. Garfield of Ohio; Vice-President, Chester A. 
Arthur of New York; Secretary of State, James G. Blaine of Maine 
to September, 1881, then Frederick Frelinghuysen of New Jersey; 
Secretary of the Treasury, Wm. Windom of Minnesota to Septem¬ 
ber, 1881, then Charles Folger of New York; Secretary of War, Rob¬ 
ert Lincoln of Illinois; Secretary of the Navy, William L. Hunt of 
Louisiana to April, 1882, then William Chandler of New Hampshire; 
Secretary of the Interior, Sami. J. Kirkwood of Iowa to April, 1882, 
then Henry F. Teller of Colorado; Postmaster General, Thomas L. 
James of New York to October, 1881, Timothy O. Howe of Wiscon¬ 
sin to October, 1883, then Walter Q. Gresham of Indiana; Attorney 
General, Wayne MeVeagh of Pennsylvania to September, 1881, then 
Benj. H. Brewster of Pennsylvania. 


The magnificent palace sleeping and parlor cars run on the Baltimore & 
Ohio were built expressly for, and are managed by the Company, and in num¬ 
bers are so numerous as to fully equip the grand through-car system which 
embraces the leading cities of the Atlantic, the great lakes and rivers of the 
West. The express business of this most extensive territory is conducted 
upon the same principle of through dispatch, the one Company managing it, 
as it does the sleeping-car system. So, too, the telegraph, which now not only 
covers all the points on the B. & O. and immediate connecting lines, but 
reaches beyond and into a territory sought to be controlled by a single corpo¬ 
ration. The B. & O. dining cars are freely acknowledged without superior in 
the country, being especially noticeable for spacious dimensions, elegant fur¬ 
nishing, and rare, good cooking. Similar reputation has been well earned for 
the Company’s dining halls, than which there are no finer, if indeed they are 
equaled in the country. 

If not, in the one particular of wild grandeur, equal to the Rockies, the 
Alleghnnies are more picturesque, presenting, as they do, greater contrasts of 
nature in leafy beauty and in shades of color, both of rock and foliage. 


Twenty- 

third, 

Hayes, 

1877-1881. 


Twenty- 

fourth, 

Garfield, 

1881-1885, 

Arthur. 





HOW THEY HAVE GONE ROUND. 


The subjoined statement shows the Presidential and Cabinet offices held 
by the different states of the Union from the organization of the government 
to the present time. 

One Vice-President — King. Alabama. 

Arkansas. 

California. 

One Secretary of Interior — Teller. Colorado. 

One Secretary of Treasury — Wolcott; One Secretary of War— Connecticut. 
Griswold; Two Secretaries of Navy —Toucey and Welles; One At¬ 
torney General — Toucey; Four Postmasters General—Granger, 

Niles, Hubbard and Jewell. 

Two Secretaries of State —McLane and Clayton; One Secretary of Delaware. 
Treasury — McLane; One Secretary of War —Thomas. 

Florida. 

One Secretary of State — Forsyth; Two Secretaries of Treasury — Georgia. 
Crawford and Cobb; One Secretary of War—Crawford; Two At¬ 
torneys General — Berrien and Alcerman; One Postmaster General— 

Habersham. 

Two Presidents — Lincoln and Grant; One Secretary of State — Illinois. 
Washburne; Four Secretaries of War — Grant, Schofield, Rawlins 
and Robert Lincoln; One Secretary of Interior — Browning. 

One Vice-President — Colfax; One Secretary of Treasury—Me- Indiana. 
Culloch; One Secretary of Navy—Thompson; Two Secretaries of In¬ 
terior— Smith and Usher; Two Postmasters General — Tyner and 
Gresham. 

Two Secretaries of War — Belknap and McCrary; Two Secretaries Iowa, 
of Interior—Harlan and Kirkwood. 

Two Vice-Presidents —Johnson and Breckim-idge; One Secretary Kentucky, 
of State—Clay; Three Secretaries of Treasury — Bibb, Guthrie and 
Bristow; Two Secretaries of War — Shelby and Holt; Three At¬ 
torneys General—Breckinridge, Crittenden and Speed; Four Post¬ 
masters General —Barry, Kendall, Wiekliffe and Holt. 

One President —Taylor; One Secretary of State —Livingston; One Louisiana. 
Secretary of War — Conrad; One Secretary of Navy —Hunt. 

41 



42 


HOW THEY HAVE GONE ROUND 


Maine. 

Maryland. 

Massachu¬ 

setts. 


Michigan. 

Minnesota. 

Mississippi. 

Missouri. 

New 

Hampshire. 
New Jersey. 

New York. 


North 

Carolina. 

Oregon. 

Ohio. 


One Vice-President—Hamlin; One Secretary of State —Blaine; 
Two Secretaries of Treasury — Fessenden and Morrill; One Attorney 
General — Clifford; One Postmaster General — King. 

One Secretary of State —Smith; Two Secretaries of Treasury — 
Taney and Thomas; Two Secretaries of War—McHenry and Stod¬ 
dard; Two Secretaries of Navy—Smith and Kennedy; Five At¬ 
torneys General —Smith, Pinkney, Taney, John Nelson and Johnson; 
One Secretary of Interior—Pearce; Two Postmasters General — 
Blair and Creswell. 

Two Presidents—Adams and John Quincy Adams; Three Vice- 
Presidents— Adams, Gerry and Wilson; Five Secretaries of State — 
Pickering, John Quincy Adams, Webster, Marcy and Everett ; Four 
Secretaries of Treasury — Wolcott, Dexter, Boutwell and Richard¬ 
son; Five Secretaries of War — Knox, Pickering, Dexter, Dearborn 
and Eustis; Five Secretaries of Navy — Cabot, J. Crowninshield, B. 
W. Crowninshield, Henshaw and Bancroft; Five Attorneys General 
—Parsons, Lincoln, Cushing, Hoar and Devens; One Postmaster Gen¬ 
eral— Osgood. 

One Secretary of State —Cass; Two Secretaries of Interior — Me 
Clelland and Chandler. 

One Secretary of Treasury — Windom; One Secretary of War — 
Ramsey. 

One Secretary of Treasury — Walker; One Secretary of War — 
Davis; One Secretary of Interior — Thompson. 

One Secretary of War —Bates; One Attorney General — Bates; 
One Secretary of Intei'ior — Schurz. 

One President — Pierce; One Secretary of Treasury — Woodbury; 
Two Secretaries of Navy — Woodbury and Chandler. 

One Secretary of State — Frelinghuysen; Three Secretaries of 
Navy —Southard. Dickerson and Robeson. 

Three Presidents—Van Buren, Fillmore and Arthur; Seven Vice- 
Presidents—Burr, Clinton, Tompkins, Van Buren, Fillmore, Wheeler 
and Arthur; Four Secretaries of State—Van Buren, Seward, Fish, 
and Evarts; Four Secretaries of Treasury—Hamilton, Spencer, Dix 
and Folger; Five Secretaries of War—Armstrong, Porter, B. F. But¬ 
ler, Spencer and Marcy; Two Secretaries of Navy—Thompson and 
Paulding; Three Attorneys General—B. F. Butler, Evarts and Pierre- 
pont; Three Postmasters General—Granger, Hall and James. 

Four Secretaries of Navy—Branch, Badger, Graham and Dob¬ 
bin. 

One Attorney General—Williams. 

Three Presidents—Harrison, Hayes and Garfield; Four Secreta¬ 
ries of Treasury—Ewing, Corwin, Chase and Sherman; Four Secre¬ 
taries of War—Cass, John McLean, Sherman and Taft; Two Attor- 



HOW THEY HAVE GONE ROUND. 


43 


neys General—Stanbery and Taft; Three Secretaries of Interior— 

Ewing, Cox, and Delano; Three Postmasters General—Meigs, Mc¬ 
Lean and Dennison. 

One President—Buchanan; One Vice-President—Dallas; Two Sec- Penn- 
retaries of State—Buchanan and Black; Seven Secretaries of Treas- sylvania. 
ury—Gallatin, Dallas, Rush, Ingham, Duane, Forward and Meredith; 

Five Secretaries of War—Porter, Wilkins, Simon Cameron, Stanton 
and Don Cameron; Two Secretaries of Navy—Jones and Borie; Nine 
Attorneys General—Bradford, Rodney, Rush, Gilpin, Black, Stanton, 

Coffey, McVeagh and Brewster; One Secretary of Interior—McKen- 
nan; Two Postmasters General—Pickering and Campbell. 

Rhode 

Island. 

One Vice-President—Calhoun; Two Secretaries of State—Legare South 
and Calhoun; Two Secretaries of War—Calhoun and Poinsett; One Carolina. 
Secretary of Navy—Hamilton; One Attorney General—Legare. 

Three Presidents—Jackson, Polk and Johnson; One Vice-Presi- Tennessee, 
dent—Johnson; One Secretary of Treasury—Campbell; Two Secre¬ 
taries of War—Eaton and Bell; One Attorney General—Grundy; 

Four Postmasters General—Cave Johnson, Brown, Key and Maynard. 

Texas. 

One Postmaster General—Collamer. Vermont. 

Five Presidents—Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and Virginia. 
Tyler; Two Vice-Presidents—Jefferson and Tyler; Seven Secretaries 
of State—Jefferson, Randolph. Marshall, Madison, Monroe, Upshur 
and Stuart; Six Secretaries of War—Monroe, Graham, Barbour, Ma¬ 
son, Scott and Floyd; Four Secretaries of Navy—Upshur, Gilmer, 

Mason and Preston; Four Attorneys General—Randolph, Lee, Wirt „ 

and Mason. 

One Secretary of Navy—Goff. 3Y- eS ^ • 

Virginia. 

Two Attorneys General—Randall and Howe. Wisconsin. 


Certainly any one fully understanding the true situation as to the exact 
bearing of the B. & O. line from the Atlantic to the great lakes and rivers of 
the West, without change of cars, can no longer question as to the direct line 
to the National Capital, or labor under confusion of comprehension, as the 
term “Only line via Washington,” means, to the fullest extent, just as it 
reads. 

In many respects Washington is the most attractive center of interest in 
all the country, and the opportunity afforded by the trip over the B. & O. to 
spend hours, days or more, as the sojourn may be extended, without increas¬ 
ing travel or losing time en route, is certainly a point well worthy of careful 
consideration. 





44 


B. & O. RED BOOK. 


Through Washington east, as well as west, has a pointed significance on 
the B. & O., as in either direction the trip is via the National Capital, all ex¬ 
press trains passing directly through the city, and, in fact, within the shadow 
of the majestic structure in which is centered the government of the country. 
The exact line of the Baltimore & Ohio appears to still remain something of a 
conundrum to not a few people, and this, too, despite the extensive dissemina¬ 
tion of printed matter intended to fully advise on this particular point. One 
would think that the frequency with which the words “Picturesque B. & O, 
Only line via Washington,” meet the eye, here, there and everywhere through¬ 
out the land, that every man, woman and child understood it “ like a hook.” 
However, a go«..d many people know a route best by actual passage over it, 
and thus the memory of the olden time, or the more immediate remembrance 
of a trip to Washington by other, and thus necessarily roundabout lines, leads 
to an impression that is difficult to erase. This is, that to get to the National 
Capital one must leave the main line and journey southward, whether from the 
East or the West; or, in any event, if from the West, reach Baltimore first, 
and thence to Washington. This is true of all lines other than the B. & O.; 
and by this the position is exactly reversed as regards the trip from the West, 
as the train passes through Washington to reach Baltimore and the East. Thus 
the passenger, if from the West, departs via the B. & O. from St. Louis, Lou¬ 
isville, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Toledo, Columbus. Chicago and intermediate 
points, and enjoys the advantages of through cars to Baltimore, Philadelphia 
and New York, which pass directly through Washington, where, as a matter 
of course, stop may be made and the journey resumed at pleasure. Equally 
attractive advantages are enjoyed on the through trains from New York, Phil¬ 
adelphia and Baltimore to the western cities named. 

When one, upon the arrival of the B. & O. train at Harper’s Ferry, awed 
by the rare combination of the grandeur in nature, declares it the glorious cul¬ 
mination of the perfect consonance of the Potomac scenery, he speaks that 
which none can gainsay. Nevertheless, the justice is not full and complete, 
for here is the Shenandoah hastening to a rapid and rapturous union with the 
Potomac, while over them historic memories throw the wedding veil, as it 
were, and render the marriage of the waters most memorable. 

Buckhorn Wall, on the B. & O., so named from the shape which suggests 
it, is a mighty piece of engineering and masonry, and its even face forms 
strong contrast with the unhewn masses on either side. At the eastern 
extremity a cataract goes plunging down, forming a royal bit of the pictur¬ 
esque, while striking is the effect of the beautiful little garden on the very 
verge of the precipice. 

The whole journey on the B. & O., whether from the East or the West, is 
replete with most pleasant surprises, and the day is gone almost before one 
realizes it is past noon time. 




ELECTORAL VOTE 


Statement showing - electoral vote ot' each state at each election since the first in 
178!*: 


Three in 1820; five from 1824 to 1836; then seven to 1840; then nine Alabama, 
to 1852; then back to eight to 1872; then ten to date. 

Three from 18.36 to 1852; then four to 1860; then five to 1868; then Arkansas, 
six to date. 

Four from 1852 to 1864; then five to 1872; then six to date. California. 

Three from 1876. Colorado. 

Seven in 1789; nine from 1792 to 1824: then eight to 1844; then six Connecticut, 
to date. 

Three from 1789 to 1812; then four to 1824; then three to date. Delaware. 

Three from 1848 to 1872; then four to date. Florida. 

Five in 1789; four in 1792 to 1804; then six to 1812; then eight to Georgia. 

1824; then nine to 18.32; then eleven to 1844; then ten to 1864; then 
nine to 1872; then back to eleven again to date. 

Three from 1820 to 1832; then five to 1844; then nine to 1852; then Illinois, 
eleven to 1864; then sixteen to 1872; then twenty-one to date. 

Three from 1816 to 1824; then five to 18.32; then nine to 1844; then Indiana, 
twelve to 1852; then thirteen to 1872; then fifteen to date 

Four from 1848 to 1864; then eight to 1872; then eleven to date. Iowa. 

Three from 1864 to 1872; then five to date. Kansas. 

Four from 1792 to 1804; then eight to 1812; then twelve to 1824: Kentucky, 
then fourteen to 1832; then fifteen to 1844; then twelve to 1864; then 
eleven to 1872; then back to twelve again to date. 

Three from 1812 to 1824; then five to 1848; then six to 1864; then Louisiana, 
seven to 1872; then eight to date. 

Nine from 1820 to 1832; then ten to 1844; then nine to 1848; then Maine, 
eight to 1864; then seven to date. 

Eight in 1789; ten from 1792 to 1804; then eleven to 1832; then ten Maryland, 
to 1844; then eight to 1864; then seven to 1872; then back to eight 
again to date. 

Ten in 1789; sixteen from 1792 to 1804; then nineteen to 1812; then Massa- 
twenty-two to 1820; then fifteen to 1832; then fourteen to 1844; then chusetts. 
twelve to 1852; then thirteen to I860; then twelve to 1872; then back 
to thirteen again to date. 


45 



46 


ELECTORAL VOTE. 


Michigan. 

Minnesota. 

Mississippi. 

Missouri. 

Nebraska. 

Nevada. 

N. Hamp¬ 
shire. 

New Jersey. 
New York. 


N. Carolina. 


Ohio. 


Oregon. 

Penna. 


R. Island. 

S. Carolina. 


Tennessee. 


Texas. 

Vermont. 

Virginia. 


Three from 1836 to 1844; then five to 1852; then six to 1864; then 
eight to 1872; then eleven to date. 

Four from 1860 to 1872; then five to date. 

Three from 1820 to 1832; then four to 1844; then six to 1852; then 
seven to 1872; then eight to date. 

Three from 1820 to 1832; then four to 1840; then seven to 1852; 
then nine to 1864; then eleven to 1872; then fifteen to date. 

Three from 1868 to date. 

Three from 1864 to d5te. 

Five in 1789; six from 1792 to 1804; then seven to 1812; then eight 
to 1832; then seven to 1844; then six to 1852; then back to the origi¬ 
nal five to date. 

Six in 1789; seven from 1792 to 1804; then eight to 1840; then seven 
to 1872; then nine to date. 

Eight in 1789; twelve from 1792 to 1804; then nineteen to 1812; 
then twenty-nine to 1824; then thirty-six to 1832; then forty-two to 
1844; then thirty-six to 1852; then thirty-five to 1864; then thirty- 
three to 1872; then thirty-five to date. 

Seven in 1789; twelve from 1792 to 1804; then fourteen to 1812; then 
fifteen to 1844; then eleven to 1852; then ten to 1864; then nine to 
1872; then ten to date. 

Three from 1804 to 1812; then eight to 1824; then sixteen to 1832; 
then twenty-one to 1844; then twenty-three to 1864; then twenty-one 
to 1868; then twenty-two to date. 

Three from 1860 to date. 

Ten in 1789; fifteen from 1792 to 1804; then twenty to 1812; then 
twenty-five to 1824; then twenty-eight to 1832; then thirty to 1844; 
then twenty-six to 1852; then twenty-seven to 1864; then twenty-six 
to 1872; then twenty-nine to date. 

Three in 1789; four from 1792 to date. 

Seven in 1789; eight from 1792 to 1804; then ten to 1812; then 
eleven to 1844; then nine to 1852; then eight to 1864; then six to 1872; 
then seven to date. 

Three from 1796 to 1801; then five to 1812; then eight to 1824; then 
eleven to 1832; then fifteen to 1844; then thirteen to 1852: then twelve 
to 1864; then ten to 1872; then twelve to date. 

Four from 1848 to 1864; then six to 1872; then eight to date. 

Four from 1792 to 1804; then six to 1812; then eight to 1824; then 
seven to 1844; then six to 1852; then five to date. 

Twelve in 1789: twenty-one from 1792 to 1804; then twenty-four to 
1812; then twenty-five to 1824; then twenty-four to 1832; then twenty- 
three to 1844; then seventeen to 1852; then fifteen to 1864; then ten to 
1872; then eleven to date. 




ELECTORAL VOTE. 


47 


Five from 18G4 to date. Virginia. 

Four in 1848; live from 1852 to 1864; then eight to 1872; then ten to Wisconsin, 
date. 

Thirteen states in 1789, casting ninety-one electoral votes. Fif- Aggregate, 
teen in 1792, casting one hundred and thirty-five. Sixteen in 1796- 
1808, casting one hundred and thirty-eight. Seventeen in 1804-8, 
easting one hundred and seventy-six. Eighteen in 1812, casting two 
hundred and eighteen. Nineteen in 1816, casting two hundred and 
twenty-one. Twenty-four in 1820, casting two hundred and thirty- 
five. Same number in 1824-8, casting two hundred and sixty-one. 

Same number in 1832, casting two hundred and eighty-eight. Twenty- 
six in 1836-40, casting two hundred and ninety-four. Same number 
in 1844, casting two hundred and seventy-five. Thirty in 1848, cast¬ 
ing two hundred and ninety. Thirty-one in 1852-6, casting two hun¬ 
dred and ninety-six. Thirty-three in 1860, casting three hundred 
and three. Thirty-six in 1864, casting three hundred and fourteen. 

Thirty-seven in 1868, casting three hundred and seventeen. Same 
number in 1872, casting three hundred and sixty-six. Thirty-eight 
in 1876-80, casting three hundred and sixty-nine. 


The Potomac to the left as we leave Cumberland behind, the Blue Ridge 
to the right and the Alleghanies in front, no matter where the eye may roam 
it must fall upon a picture which cannot but stir the senses and compel a re¬ 
sponse within one’s heart of hearts. The river, broadened out, loses some of 
its foamy turbulence, but the absence of white-crested cascades and restless 
whirlpools is atoned for in the calm-surfaced pools and in the sheen of mini¬ 
ature lakes, which mirror to entrancing perfection tree, bush, hillside and 
sky. Soon the hills beyond the Potomac grow more sharp in height, and 
rocky masses loom up bold and rugged in their conformation. To the left 
also the elevated ground gains new prominence, and the distant hills grow 
more distinct in their tree-padded forms. The river, again feeling the re¬ 
straint of the more closely skirting banks, frets and fumes until cataracts give 
vent to its angry ebullitions. The effect is inspiriting, and as the well named 
Palisades come within view, the beholder involuntarily confesses that Pictur¬ 
esque B. & O. is no misnomer. 

“ Shenandoah Junction! ” is the stentorious call which resounds through 
the car, and is the point of a departure from the main line of the B. & O. for 
a side trip of much more than ordinary interest. It is to Luray Cave, that 
marvel of existence which Nature has so long kept hidden from the gaze of 
mortals. A weird but fascinating day is that spent within the caverns of tin- 
earth, and mystical is the influence of the atmosphere permeated by electric¬ 
ity; for the bright light is everywhere, and with its characteristic shadows 
produces effects of the most impressive description. 






48 


B. & O. RED BOOK. 


The situation of Harper's Ferry is grand in the extreme, the towering 
heights forming a trinity of sentinels, as it were, to repel any possible 
invasion,—Maryland Heights, opposite on the pebbly shore of “ Maryland, my 
Maryland”; Loudon Heights to the right, guarding the sacred soil of the 
state revered to as the “ Mother of Presidents,” and Bolivar Heights, here 
rising upward in the full dignity of a battlement to protect the younger com¬ 
monwealth, West Virginia. Between the last two named the swift waters of 
the Shenandoah form a dividing line, while at the feet of all three comes the 
Potomac, and takes to its embrace the sister river. From the lofty summit 
of either heights the eye wanders overground sacred in history,—Antietam 
in the far distance, the spires of Sharpsburg gleaming white against the sky, 
Boonsboro, Keedysville, South Mountain. Turning and looking up the Shen¬ 
andoah we can almost imagine the haze of years lifting to disclose Sheridan 
and “ Winchester twenty miles away.” Facing the Potomac again, and there 
down by its shores the ruins of the government arsenal, with the tall chimney 
still standing, a monument of the by-gones, happily gone forever. 

The fastest regular trains, for the distance, ever run upon this continent 
are now a daily feature of the schedule of the B. & O. between Baltimore 
and Washington. The distance from the one city to the other is forty miles, 
and it is run in forty-five minutes. Thus, again, does the B. & O. demonstrate 
its claim to being the Model Fast Line. Other roads may make equal time to 
this unapproachable schedule, for short runs, but no line has a regular time¬ 
table calling for forty consecutive miles in forty-five consecutive minutes. 
It is a great stride in advance, and indicates most unequivocally what may be 
expected in B. & O. time cards. 

A keen and whole-souled enthusiasm for Nature in her loveliest garb — 
unadorned that she may be most adorned — may not pile up many silver, gold 
or even paper dollars, but it feeds another attribute of human existence which 
is manifestly none the worse for it. So the merchant, the professional man or 
the manufacturer, who, in a trip over the B. & O., forgets his daily self, loses 
for the otherwise unoccupied hours all thoughts of business, has rested the 
sense of self preservation from one view of life, and in giving the sentimental, 
if it may be the pleasure so to term it, full play, the healthfulness of the 
change cannot be questioned. 

To travel by a line which is all unto itself has its advantages, as have the 
purchasing of goods from first hands, and the dealing direct with parties most 
interested in transactions, be they large or small. The B. & O., in every de¬ 
partment,, in every detail of management, is entirely under the control of the 
one Company. There are no subsidiary corporations, no outside combinations 
or would-be monopolies. To reach the head is to go direct, and every employe 
in all the vast system is amenable to the rules and regulations governing the 
whole. 





ELECTORAL COLLEGE 


Result of the proceeding's by states from 1789 to and including 1880. 

Washington had the vote of all the states, viz.: New Harnp- 1789 , 
shire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- Washington 
ware, Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia; total 69 an d Adams, 
votes. 

Adams had all of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 6 of the 7 of 
Connecticut, 1 of the 6 of New Jersey, 8 of the 10 of Pennsylvania, 5 of 
the 10 of Virginia; total 34. 

Washington had the votes of all the states, viz.: New Hamp- 1793 
shire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, "Washington 
Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia; and Adams, 
total 132. 

Adams carried all these states with the exception of New York, 

Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, and Georgia; total 77 votes. 

Adams had the votes of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 1797 , 

Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, 1 of Adams and 
the 15 of Pennsylvania, 1 of the 20 of Virginia, 1 of the 12 of North Jefferson. 
Carolina, and 7 of the 11 of Maryland; total 71. 

Thomas Jefferson had 14 of the 15 votes of Pennsylvania, 4 of the 
11 of Maryland, 20 of the 21 of Virginia, Kentucky, 11 of the 12 of 
North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and South Carolina; total 68. 

Had the votes of the states of New York, 8 of the 15 of Pennsyl- 1801 , 
vania, 5 of the 10 of Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, 8 of the 12 of 
North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina and Georgia; total 73. 

House decided Jefferson President, and Burr Vice-President. 

Had the votes of states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Adams and 
Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, 7 of the 15 of Pennsyl- Pinckney, 
vania, Delaware, 5 of the 10 of Maryland, and 4 of the 12 of North 
Carolina; total 65. 

Had the votes of states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode 1805 , 

Island, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Jefferson 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ken- Qjj n ^ 0 n 
tucky and Ohio; total 162. 

Had the votes of states of Connecticut, Delaware and 2 of the 11 Pinckney 
of Maryland; total 14. and King. 

Had the votes of the states of Vermont, New York, New Jersey, 1809* 
Pennsylvania, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, Virginia, 11 of the 14 of North Madison 
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio; QU^on 
total 122. 


49 



50 


ELECTORAL COLLEGE 


Pinckney 
and King-. 


1813 , 
Madison 
and Gerry. 

Clinton and 
Ingrersoll. 


1817 , 

Monroe and 
Tompkins. 


King- and 
Howard. 

1821 , 

Monroe and 
Tompkins. 
Adams and 
Stockton. 

1825 , 

Adams and 
Calhoun. 


Crawford. 

Jackson. 


Clay. 


1829 , 

Jackson and 
Calhoun. 


Had the votes of the states of New York, Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Connecticut, Delaware, 2 of the 11 of Maryland, and 3 of the 
14 of North Carolina; total 47. 

Carried Vermont, Pennsylvania, 6 of the 11 of Maryland, Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, 
Ohio, and Louisiana; total 128. 

Had the votes of the states of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, 
Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Delaware and 5 
of the 11 of Maryland; total 89. 

Had the votes of the states of New Hampshire, Rhode Island, 
Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, 
Ohio, Louisiana and Indiana; total 183. 

Had the votes of the states of Massachusetts, Connecticut and 
Delaware; total 34. 

Had the votes of every state in the Union; total 231. 

Adams had 1 vote of the 8 of New Hampshire, and Stockton 8 of 
the 15 of Massachusetts. 

Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu¬ 
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, 26 of the 36 of New 
York, 1 of the 3 of Delaware, 3 of the 11 of Maryland, 2 of the 
5 of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 of Illinois; total 84 for Adams. 
Calhoun for Vice-President carried several states that Adams did 
not carry, and had a total of 182 votes. 

Had 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 of Delaware, and 1 
of the 11 of Maryland, Virginia and Georgia ; total 41. 

Had 1 of the 36 votes of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 7 
of the 11 of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, 
3 of the 5 of Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois and Alabama; 
total 99. 

Had 4 of the 36 votes of New York, Kentucky, Ohio and Missouri; 
total 37. 

No choice by the electoral college, it devolving upon House of 
Representatives. A choice was reached on first ballot as follows: 
Adams — Connecticut, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mary¬ 
land, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, 
Rhode Island and Vermont; 13 states. Jackson — Alabama, Indi¬ 
ana, Missouri, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Ten¬ 
nessee; 7 states. Crawford—Delaware, Georgia, North Carolina 
and Virginia; 4 states. 

Had 1 of the votes of the 9 of Maine, 20 of the 36 of New York, 
Pennsylvania, 5 of the 11 of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, 
South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Mis¬ 
sissippi, Illinois, Alalv *na and Missouri; total 178. 




ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 


51 


Had 8 of the 9 votei of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Adams and 
Rhode T sland, Connecticut, Vermont, 16 of the 36 of New York, New Rush. 

Jersey, Delaware, and 6 of the 11 of Maryland; total 83. 

Had the votes of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, 1833 , 
Pennsylvania, 3 of the 8 of Maryland. Virginia, North Carolina, Jackson and 
Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Van Buren. 
Alabama and Missouri; total 219. 

Had the votes of the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- Clay and 
necticut, Delaware, 5 of the 8 of Maryland, and Kentucky; total 49. Sergeant. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode 1837 , 

Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Caro- Van Buren 
lina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas anc ^ 


and Michigan; total 170. 


Johnson. 


Had the votes of the states of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Harrison 
Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana; total 73. Granger 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode 1841 , 

Island, Connecticut; Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Harrison 
Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, an< ^ Tyler. 
Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana and Michigan; total 234. 

Had the votes of the states of New Hampshire, Virginia, South Van Buren. 
Carolina, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri and Arkansas; total 60. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, 1845 , 
Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Missis- -Polk and 
sippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas and Michi- Dallas, 
gan; total 170. 

Had the votes of the states of Rhode Island, Connecticut, Ver- Clay and 
mont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Frelinghuy • 
Tennessee and Ohio; total 105. sen. 

Had the votes of the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con- 1849 , 
necticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Taylor and 
Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisi- Fillmore, 
ana and Florida; total 163. 

Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Virginia, Cass and 
South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Mis- Butler, 
souri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa and Wisconsin; total 127. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode 1853 , 

Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela- Pierce and 
ware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, 

Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, 

Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Texas, Iowa, Wisconsin and Cali¬ 
fornia; total 254. 

Had the votes of the states of Massachusetts, Vermont, Kentucky Scott and 
and Tennessee; total 42. Graham. 




52 


ELECTORAL COLLEGE 


1857 , 
Buchanan 
and Breck¬ 
inridge. 

Fremont 
and Dayton 

Fillmore 

and 

Donelson. 


Had the votes of the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Dela¬ 
ware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky. 
Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Mis¬ 
souri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas and California; total 174. 

Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu¬ 
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Michi¬ 
gan, Iowa and Wisconsin; total 114. 

Had the votes of the state of Maryland; total 8. 


1861 , Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu- 

Lincoln arid setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, 4 of the 7 of 
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa, 
Wisconsin, California, Minnesota and Oregon; total 180. 

Had the votes of the states of Delaware, Maryland, North Caro¬ 
lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Ar¬ 
kansas, Florida and Texas; total 72. 

Had the votes of the states of Missouri, and 3 of the 7 of New 
and Johns n. Jersey; total 12. 

Bell and Had the votes of the states of Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee; 

Everett. total 39 . 


Hamlin. 


Breckin¬ 
ridge and 
Lane. 

Douglas 


1865 , 

Lincoln and 
Johnson. 


McClellan 
and Pendle 
ton. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachu 
setts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Maryland, Ohio. Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Michigan. Wisconsin, 
Iowa, California, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, West Virginia and 
Nebraska ; total 212. 

Had the votes of the states of New Jersey, Delaware, and Ken¬ 
tucky; total 21. 

Eleven states did not vote, viz.: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, 
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina. 
Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. 


1869 , 
Grant and 
Colfax. 


Seymour 
and Blair. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont. 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, North 
Carolina, South Carolina, Alabama, Ohio, Tennessee, Indiana, Illi¬ 
nois, Missouri, Arkansas, Michigan, Florida, Iowa, Wisconsin, Cali 
fornia, Minnesota, Kansas,' West Virginia, Nevada and Nebraska; 
total 214. 

Had the votes of the states of New York, New Jersey, Delaware. 
Maryland, Georgia, Louisiana, Kentucky and Oregon; total 80. 

Three states did not vote, viz.: Mississippi, Texas and Virginia. 


1873 , 
Grant and 
Wilson. 


Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Caro¬ 
lina, Alabama, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Michigan, Flori¬ 
da, Iowa, Wisconsin, California. Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas. West 
Virginia, Nebraska and Nevada; total 286. 




ELECTORAL COLLEGE. 


53 


Had the votes of the states of Maryland, Georgia, Kentucky, Greeley and 
Tennessee, Missouri and Texas; total 63. Brown. 

Three electoral votes of Georgia cast for Greeley, and the votes 
of Arkansas, 6, and Louisiana, 8, cast for Grant, were rejected. 

Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 1877 , 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Ohio, Hayes and 
Louisiana, Illinois, Michigan, Florida, Iowa, Wisconsin, California, ^V^heeler. 
Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, Nevada, Nebraska and Colorado; total 
185. 

Had the votes of the states of Connecticut, New York, New Jer- Tilden and 
sey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Noi’th Carolina, Georgia, Ala- Hendricks, 
bama, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississip¬ 
pi, Texas and West Virginia; total 184. 

Had the votes of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, 1881 , 
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Garfield and 
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa. Wisconsin, 1 of the 6 of Cal- Arthur, 
ifornia, Minnesota, Oregon, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado; total 
214. 

Had the votes of the states of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Hancock 
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Lou- and 
isiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Flori- English, 
da, Texas, 5 of the 6 of California, West Virginia and Nebraska; 
total 155. _ 

Washington is preeminently the tourist city of the country, that is to say, 
it. is perfectly appointed in all its facilities for the accommodation of such 
travel. The hotels are very commodious, and of such number and range of 
grades as to meet every possible requirement. One can pay almost any price, 
from the figures for entertainment of the “ swellest” description, to those for 
guests who care not so much for style, or whose means will not justify large 
expenditure. It is the old “ pay your money and take your choice.” One 
thing may be relied upon, and that is the absence of any trouble in securing 
accommodations, as it takes an enormous crowd to fill all the hotels. As a 
rule, though there are always very many visitors, like the traditional “bus,” 
there is always room for one more. • 

The through B. & O. train leaving St. Louis in the morning, Cincinnati 
in the evening, passes Harper’s Ferry in daylight, as also the train leaving 
Chicago in the morning; while the train leaving the latter-named city at five 
o'clock ; n the afternoon reaches the Ferry early in the evening,and on moonlight 
nights the sight is most impressive. The day train from Pittsburgh passes in 
the early twilight, while those who are willing to turn out of their sleeping, 
car berths betimes in the morning will, if on the late evening train from Chi¬ 
cago, or the evening train from St. Louis, and morning train from Cincinnati, 
behold a sunrise at Harper’s Ferry never to be forgotten. 






54 


B. & O. RED BOOK. 


Not many roads, rail or turnpike, equal the Pittsburgh Division of the B. 
& O. in the picturesque, and there are not a few of genuine artistic cultivation 
who pronounce its course more attractive in scenic grandeur than any other 
in the country. The combination of water, rock and foliage is characteristic 
of the entire route, and the effects at times are simply indescribable. Follow¬ 
ing the Casselmau to the Youghiogheny, and the Youghiogheny to the Mon- 
ongahela, the road rarely leaves the water line, and as the mountains close in 
and rise high on either hand the panorama is glorious in the extreme. The 
track, based as it is almost literally upon solid rock, is smooth and firm, and 
as the train flies around the curves, and dashes in sharp competition to the 
surging waters, the sense of safety is absolute and the enjoyment perfect. 

Deer Park is the summer headquarters of many of the highest dignitaries 
of the National Capital, it being no uncommon thing to see some of the most 
distinguished men of the country sauntering up and down the long piazzas. 
Cabinet Officers, ex-Presidents, Senators, Foreign Ministers and diplomats, 
make the society at Deer Park very interesting, and the season is replete with 
attractions of many forms. The B. & O. Company built Deer Park, and each 
year adds in one way or another to its features. Having a surplus fund of 
fifty odd millions, and a pride in rendering Deer Park the most deservedly 
popular of resorts, the matter of expense enters but little, if any, into calcula¬ 
tions for improvement. 

Crowning the Glades of the Alleghanies with a beauty that for once at 
least does not outrage the surroundings, is the B. & O. Company's noted 
summer resort, Deer Park. During the warmer months of the year the 
spacious buildings are thronged with the elite of Washington, Baltimore and 
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, as well as with prominent represen¬ 
tatives of Chicago and St. Louis. Deer Park is a lovely spot, and contrary, 
possibly, to the average run of summer resorts, the realization of a sojourn 
there is in every way in keeping with the anticipation naturally the result of 
first sight. 

The B. & O., in times gone by, has marked many an epoch in railroad his¬ 
tory, and, as the first passenger railroad in the world, has ever been in 
the lead in important steps forward. Building its locomotives in its own 
shops, where every detail of construction is under the experienced eyes of 
men who have made such work a lifetime study, the motive power of the B. & 
O. has for a half century been accorded the highest place in American manu¬ 
factures. 

The run over to Baltimore from Washington is little more than an average 
street-car ride as to time, but decidedly different as regards speed. The B. & 
O. makes the fastest regular time of any road on the continent between the 
two cities, doing the forty miles in forty-five minutes with ease. 



POPULAR VOTE. 


For Presidential candidates from 1824 to and including 1880. Prior to 1824 elect- 
tors were chosen by the legislatures of the different states. 


Had 105,321 to 155,872 for Jackson, 44,282 for Crawford, and 46,587 1824 , 
for Clay. Jackson over Adams, 50,551. Adams less than combined J. Q,. Adams, 
vote of others, 140,869. Of the whole vote Adams had 29.92 per cent, 

Jackson 44.27, Clay 13.23, Crawford 13.23. Adams elected by House 
of Representatives. 

Had 647,231 to 509,097 for J. Q. Adams. Jackson’s majority, 1828 
138,134. Of the whole vote Jackson had 55.97 per cent, Adams Jackson. 

44.03. 

Had 687,502 to 530,189 for Clay, and 33,108 for Floyd and Wirt com- 1832 , 
bined. Jackson’s majority, 124,205. Of the whole vote Jackson had Jackson. 

54.96 per cent. Clay 42.39, and the others combined 2.65. 

Had 761,549 to 736,656, the combined vote for Harrison, White, 1836 , 

Webster and Maguin. Van Buren’s majority, 24,893. Of the whole Van Buren. 
vote Van Buren had 50.83 per cent, and the others combined 49.17. 

Had 1,275,017 to 1,128,702 for Van Buren, and 7,059 for Birney. 1840 , 
Harrison’s majority, 139,256. Of the whole vote Harrison had Harrison. 
52.89 per cent, Van Buren 46.82, and Birney .29. 

Had 1,337,243 to 1,299,068 for Clay, and 62,300 for Birney. Polk 1844 , 
over Clay 38,175. Polk less than others combined, 24,125. Of the Polk, 
whole vote Polk had 49.55 per cent, Clay 48.14, and Birney 2.21. 

Had 1,360,101 to 1,220,544 for Cass, and 291,263 for Van Buren. 1848 , 

Taylor over Cass, 139,557. Taylor less than others combined, 151,706. Taylor. 

Of the whole vote Taylor had 47.36 per cent, Cass 42.50, and Van 
Buren 10.14. 

Had 1,601,474 to 1,386,578 for Scott, and 156,149 for Hale. Pierce 1852 , 
over all, 58,747. Of the whole vote Pierce had 50.90 per cent, Scott Pierce.. 

44.10, and Hale 4.97. 

Had 1,838,169 to 1,341,264 for Fremont, and 874,534 for Fillmore. 1856 , 

Buchanan over Fremont 496,905. Buchanan less than combined Buchanar., 
vote of others, 377,629. Of the whole vote Buchanan had 45.34 per 
cent, Fremont 33.09, and Fillmore 21.57. 


50 



66 


POPULAR VOTE. 


1860 , 

Lincoln. 


1864 , 

Lincoln. 


1868 , 

Grant. 


1872 , 

Grant. 


1876 , 

Hayes. 


1880 , 

Garfield. 


Summary. 


Had 1,866,352 to 1,375,157 for Douglas, 845,763 for Breckinridge 
and 589,581 for Bell. Lincoln over Breckinridge, 491,195. Lincoln 
less than Douglas and Breckinridge combined, 354,568. Lincoln less 
than combined vote of all others, 944,149. Of the whole vote Lin¬ 
coln had 39.91 per cent, Douglas 29.40, Breckinri*dge 18.08, and Bell 
12.61. 

Had 2,216,067 to 1,808,725 for McClellan. (Eleven states not voting, 
viz.: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia.) 
Lincoln's majority, 408,342. Of the whole vote Lincoln had 55.06 per 
cent and McClellan 44.94. 

Had 3,015,071 to 2,709.613 for Seymour. (Three states not voting, 
viz.: Mississippi, Texas and Virginia.) Grant’s majority, 305,458. 
Of the whole vote Grant had 52.67 per cent and McClellan 47.33. 

Had 3,597,070 to 2,834,079 for Greeley, 29,408 for O’Connor, and 5.608 
for Black. Grant’s majority, 729,975. Of the whole vote Grant had 
55.63 per cent, Greeley 43.83, O’Connor .15, Black .09. 

Had 4,033,950 to 4,284,885 for Tilden, 81,740 for Cooper, 9,522 for 
Smith, and 2,636 scattering. Tilden’s majority over Hayes, 250,935. 
Tilden’s majority of the entire vote cast, 157,037. Hayes less than 
the combined vote of others, 344,833. Of the whole vote cast Hayes 
had 47.95 per cent, Tilden 50.94 per cent, Cooper .97 per cent, Smith 
.11 per cent, scattering .03. 

Had 4,449,053 to 4,442.035 for Hancock, 307,306 for Weaver, and 
12,576 scattering. Garfield over Hancock, 7,018. Garfield less than 
the combined vote for others, 313,864. Of the popular vote Garfield 
had 48.26 per cent, Hancock 48.25, Weaver 3.33, scattering .13. 

Of the Presidents, Adams, Federalist; Polk, Democrat; Taylor, 
Whig; Buchanan, Democrat; Lincoln, Republican, and Garfield, 
Republican, did not, when elected, receive a majority of the pop¬ 
ular vote. The highest percentage of popular vote received by any 
President was 55.97 for Jackson, Democrat, in 1828, and the lowest 
39.91 for Lincoln, Republican, in 1860; Hayes, Republican, next low¬ 
est, with 47.95. Hayes, with the exception of John Quincy Adams, 
who was chosen by House of Representatives, was the only Presi¬ 
dent ever elected who did not have a majority over his principal 
competitor, and Tilden the only defeated candidate who had a ma¬ 
jority over the President-elect, and a majority of all the votes cast. 


Running over the Alleghanies, on picturesque B. & O., at an elevation of 
nearly three thousand feet above the sea* the physical man experiences a 
recuperation as delightful as it may be unexpected. It is the exceeding 
clearness and purity of the highly rarefied atmosphere, and every expansion 
of the lungs fills them with a power invigorating and most healthful. 




VOTE BY STATES. 


Showing vote for electors in each state from 1824 to and including 1880. Prior to 
1824 legislatures chose electors. In South Carolina this rule was followed up to 1868, 
and in Colorado in 1876. 

1824, Democratic majority 5,280; 1828, Democratic majority 15,200; Alabama. 
1836, Democratic majority 3,431; 1840, Democratic majority 5,520; 

1844, Democratic majority 11,656; 1848, Democratic majority 881; 

1852, Democratic majority 11,843; 1856, Democratic majority 18,187; 

1860, Democratic majority 7,355; 1868, Republican majority 4,278; 1872, 

Republican majority 10,828; 1876, Democratic majority 33,772; 1880, 

Democratic majority 29,867. 

1836, Democratic majority 1,162; 1840, Democratic majority 889; Arkansas. 
1844, Democratic majority 4,042; 1848, Democratic majority 1,712; 

1852, Democratic majority 4,769; 1856, Democratic majority 11,123, 

1860, Democratic majority 3,411; 1868, Republican majority 3,034; 

1872,-Republican majority 3,446: 1S76, Democratic majority 19,113; 

1880, Democratic majority 14,749. 

1852, Democratic majority 5,119; 1856, Democratic plurality 17,200; California. 
1860, Republican plurality 657; 1864, Republican majority 18,293; 1868, 

Republican majority 506; 1872, Republican majority 12,234; 1876, Re¬ 
publican majority 2,738; 1880, Democratic plurality 78. 

1880, Republican majority 1,368. Colorado. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 5,609; 1828, Loose Con- Connecticut, 
structionist (Rep.) majority 9,381; 1832, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) 
majority 6,486; 1836, Democratic majority 768; 1840, Whig (Rep.) 
majority 6,131; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 1,048; 1848, Whig (Rep.) 
plurality 3,268; 1852, Democratic plurality 2,892; 1856, Republican 
majority 5,105; 1860, Republican majority 10,238; 1864, Republican 
majority 2,406; 1868, Republican majority 3,043; 1872, Republican 
majority 4,348; 1876, Democratic majority 1,712; 1880, Republican 
majority 1,788. 

1828, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 420; 1832, Loose Con- Delaware, 
structionist (Rep.) majority 166; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 583; 

1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 1083; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 282; 1848, 

Whig (Rep.) majority 443; 1852, Democratic plurality 25; 1856, Demo¬ 
cratic majority 1,521; 1860, Democratic plurality 3,483; 1864, Demo¬ 
cratic majority 612; 1868, Democratic majority 3,357; 1872, Republican 
majority 422; 1876, Democratic majority, 2,629; 1880, Democratic 
majority 1,023. 


57 



58 


VOTE BY STATES 


Florida. 


Georgia. 


Illinois. 


Indiana. 


Iowa. 


Kansas. 


Kentucky. 


1848, Whiff (Rep.) majority 1,269; 1832, Democratic majority 1,443; 
1856, Democratic majority 1,525; 1860, Democratic majority 2,739; 
1872, Republican majority 2,336; 1876, Republican majority 926; 1880, 
Democratic majority 4,310. 

1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,804; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 8,328; 
1844, Democratic majority 2,071; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,742; 
1852, Democratic majority 18,045; 1856, Democratic majority 14,350; 
1860, Democratic plurality 9,003; 1868, Democratic majority 45,588; 
1872, Democratic majority 9,806; 1876, Democratic majority 79,642; 
1880. Democratic majority 4,199. 

1824, Democratic plurality 359; 1828, Democratic majority 5,182; 
1832, Democratic majority 8,718; 1836, Democratic majority 3,114; 

1840, Democratic majority 1,790; 1844, Democratic majority 8,822; 

1848, Democratic plurality 3,253; 1852, Democratic majority 5,697; 

1856, Democratic plurality 9,159; 1860, Republican majority 5,629; 

1864, Republican majority 30,766; 1868, Republican majority 51,160; 
1872, Republican majority 53,948; 1876, Republican majority 1,971’ 
1880, Republican majority 14,358. 

1824, Democratic plurality 2,028; 1828, Democratic majority 5,185; 
1832, Democratic majority 16,080; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 8801; 
1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 13,607; 1844, Democratic majority .208; 
1848, Democratic plurality 4,838; 1852. Democratic majority 7,510; 

1856, Democratic majority 1,909; 1860, Republican majority 5,923; 

1864, Republican majority 20,189; 1868, Republican majority 9,568; 

1872, Republican majority 21,098; 1876, Democratic plurality 5,515; 

1880, Republican plurality 6,641. 

1848, Democratic plurality 1,009; 1852, Democratic majority 303; 
1856, Republican plurality 7,784; 1860, Republican majority 12,487; 
1864, Republican majority 39,479; 1868, Republican majority 46,359; 
1872, Republican majority 58,149; 1876, Republican majority 50,191; 
1880, Republican majority 45,732. 

1864, Republican majority 12,750; 1868. Republican majority 17,058; 
1872, Republican majority 33,482; 1876, Republican majority 32,511; 
1880, Republican majority 42,021. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 10,329; 1828, Demo¬ 
cratic majority 7,912; 1832, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 
7,149; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,520; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 
25,873; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 9,267; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 
17,421; 1852, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,997; 1856, Democratic majority 
6,912; 1860, Constitutional Union plurality 12,915; 1864, Democratic 
majority 36,515; 1868, Democratic majority 76,324; 1872, Democratic 
majority 8,855; 1876, Democratic majority 59,772; 1880, Democratic 
majority 31,951. 








VOTE BY STATES. 


59 


1828, Democratic majority 508; 1832, Democratic majority 1,521; Louisiana. 
1836, Democratic majority 270; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,680; 

1844, Democratic majority 699; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,847; 

1852, Democratic majority 1,392; 1856, Democratic majority 1,455; 

1860, Democratic plurality 2,477; 1868, Democratic majority 46,962; 

1872, Republican majority 14,634; 1876, Republican majority 4,499; 

1880, Democratic majority 33,419. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 4,540; 1828, Loose Maine. 
Constructionist (Rep.) majority 6,846; 1832, Democratic majority 
6,087; 1836, Democratic majority 7,061; 1810, Whig (Rep.) majority 
217; 1844, Democratic majority 6,505; 1848, Democratic plurality 
4,755; 1852, Democratic majority 1,036; 1856, Republican majority 
24.974; 1860, Republican majority 27,704; 1864, Republican majority 
17,592; 1868, Republican majority 28,033; 1872, Republican majority 
32,355; 1876, Republican majority 15,814; 1880, Republican majority 
4,460. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) plurality 109; 1828, Loose Con- Maryland, 
structionist (Rep.) majority 1,181; 1832, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) 
majority!; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,685; 1840, Whig (Rep.) ma¬ 
jority 4,776; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,308; 1848, Whig (Rep.) ma¬ 
jority 3,049; 1852, Democratic majority 4,900; 1856, Know-Nothing 
majority 8,064; 1860, Democratic plurality 722; 1864, Republican ma¬ 
jority 7,414; 1868, Democratic majority 31,919: 1872, Democratic ma¬ 
jority 908; 1876, Democratic majority 19,756; 1880, Democratic ma¬ 
jority 15,191. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 24,071; 1828, Loose Massachu- 
Constructionist (Rep.) majority 23,817; 1832, Loose Constructionist setts. 

(Rep.) majority 18,458; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 7,592; 1840, Whig 
(Rep.) majority 19,305; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,712; 1848, Whig 
(Rep.) plurality 23,014; 1852, Whig (Rep.) plurality 8,114; 1856, Re¬ 
publican majority 49,324; 1860, Republican majority 43,981; 1864, Re¬ 
publican majority 77,997; 1868, Republican majority 77,069; 1872, 

Republican majority, 74,212; 1876, Republican majority 40,423; 1880, 

Republican majority 49,097. 

1836, Democratic majority 3,360; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 1,514; Michigan. 
1844, Democratic plurality 3,423; 1848, Democratic plurality 6,747; 

1852, Democratic majority 746; 1856, Republican majority 17,966; 

1860, Republican majority 22,213; 1864, Republican majority 16,917; 

1868, Republican majority 31,481; 1872, Republican majority 55,968; 

1876, Republican majority 15,542; 1880, Republican majority 19,095. 

1860, Republican majority 9,339; 1864, Republican majority 7,685; Minnesota. 
1868, Republican majority 15,470; 1872, Republican majority 20,694. 

1876, Republican majority 21,780; 1880, Republican majority 40,588. 




60 


VOTE BY STATES. 


Mississippi. 

Missouri. 

Nebraska. 

Nevada. 

New Hamp¬ 
shire. 

New Jersey. 

New York. 


1824, Democratic majority 1,421; 1828, Democratic majority 5,182; 
1S32, Democratic majority 5,919; 1836, Democratic majority 291; 
1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,523; 1844, Democratic majority 5,920; 
1848, Democratic majority 615; 1852, Democratic majority 9,328; 1856, 
Democratic majority 11,251; 1860, Democratic majority 12,474; 1872, 
Republican majority 34,887; 1876, Democratic majority 59,568; 1880, 
Democratic majority 35,099. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 103; 1828, Democratic 
majority 4,810; 1832, Democratic majority 5,192; 1836, Democratic 
majority 2.658; 1840, Democratic majority 6,788; 1844, Democratic 
majority 10,118; 1848, Democratic majority 7,406; 1852, Democratic 
majority 8,369; 1856, Democratic majority 9,640; 1860, Democratic 
plurality 429; 1864, Republican majority 41,072; 1868, Republican ma¬ 
jority 21,232, 1872, Democratic majority 29,809; 1876, Democratic ma¬ 
jority 54,389; 1880, Democratic majority 19,997. 

1868, Republican majority 4,290; 1872, Republican majority 10,517; 
1876, Republican majority 10,326; 1880, Republican majority, 22,603. 

1864, Republican majority 3.232, 1868, Republican majority 1,262; . 
1872, Republican majority 2,177; 1876, Republican majority 1,075; 
1880, Democratic majority 879. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 3,464; 1828, Loose Con¬ 
structionist (Rep.) majority 3,384; 1832, Democratic majority 6,476. 
1836, Democratic plurality 12,494; 1840, Democratic majority 6,386; 

1844, Democratic majority 5,133; 1848, Democratic majority 5,422; 

1852, Democratic majority 7,155; 1856, Republican majority 5,134; 

1860, Republican majority 9,085; 1864, Republican majority 3,529, 

1868, Republican majority 6,967 1872, Republican majority 5,444; 
1876, Republican majority 2,954; 1880, Republican majority 3,530. 

1824, Democratic majority, 679; 1828, Loose Constructionist (Rep. ) 
majority 1,808; 1832, Democratic majority 463; 1836, Whig (Rep.) ma¬ 
jority 545; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,248; 1844, Whig (Rep.) 
majority 692; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,285; 1852, Democratic 
majority 5,399; 1856, Democratic plurality 18,605; 1860, Democratic 
majority 4,477; 1864, Democratic majority 7,301; 1868, Democratic 
majority 2,870; 1872, Republican majority 14,570; 1876, Democratic 
majority 11,690; 1880, Democratic plurality 2,010. 

1828, Democratic majority 5,350; 1832, Democratic majority 13,601; 
1836, Democratic majority 28,272; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 10,500; 
1844, Democratic Plurality 5,106; 1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 98,093; 
1852, Democratic majority 1,872; 1856, Republican plurality 80,129; 
1860, Republican majority 50.136; 1864, Republican majority 6,749; 
1868, Democratic majority 10,000; 1872, Republican majority 51,800; 
1876, Democratic majority 26,568; 1880, Republican majority 8,660. 




VOTE BY STATES. 


61 


1824, Democratic majority 4,794; 1828, Democratic majority 23,939; North 
1832, Democratic majority 20,299; 1836, Democratic majority 3,284; Carolina. 
1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 12,158; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,945; 

1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 8,681; 1852, Democratic majority 627; 

1856, Democratic majority 11,360; 1860, Democratic majority 648; 

1868, Republican majority 12,168; 1872, Republican majority 24,675; 

1876, Democratic majority 17,010; 1880, Democratic majority 8,326. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) plurality 798; 1828, Democratic Ohio, 
majority 4,201; 1832, Democratic majority 4,707; 1836, Whig (Rep.) 
majority 8,457; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 22,472; 1844, Whig (Rep.) 
plurality 5,940; 1848, Democratic plurality 16,415; 1852, Democratic 
plurality 16,694; 1856, Republican plurality 16,623; 1860, Republican 
majority 20,779; 1864, Republican majority 59,586; 1868, Republican 
majority 41,617; 1872, Republican majority 34,268; 1876, Republican 
majority 2,747; 1880, Republican majority 27,771. 

1860, Republican plurality 1,318; 1864, Republican majority 1,431; Oregon. 
1868, Democratic majority 164; 1872, Republican majority 3,517; 

1876, Republican majority 547; 1880, Republican majority 422. 

1824, Democratic majority 24,845; 1828, Democratic majority 50,804; Pennsyl- 
1832, Democratic majority 34,267; 1836, Democratic majority 4,364; Vania. 

1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 2; 1844, Democratic majority 3,194; 

1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 3,074; 1852, Democratic majority 10,869; 

1856, Democratic majority 1,025; 1860, Republican majority 59,618; 

1864, Republican majority 20,075; 1868, Republican majority 28,898; 

1872, Republican majority 135,918; 1876, Republican majority 9,375; 

1880, Republican majority 16,608. 

1824, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 1,945; 1828, Loose Rhode 
Constructionist (Rep.) majority 1,933; 1832, Loose Constructionist Island. 
(Rep.) majority 684; 1836, Democratic majority 254; 1840, Whig (Rep.) 
majority 1,935; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 2,348; 1848, Whig (Rep.) 
majority 2,403; 1852, Democratic majority 465; 1856, Republican 

majority 3,112; 1860, Republican majority 4,537; 1864, Republican 

majority 5,222; 1868, Republican majority 6,145; 1872, Republican 

majority 8,336; 1876, Republican majority 4,947; 1880, Republican 

majority 7,180. 

1868, Republican majority 17,064; 1872, Republican majority 49,400; South 
1876, Republican majority 964; 1880, Democratic majority 54,241. Carolina. 

1824, Democratic majority 19,669; 1828, Democratic majority 41,850; Tennessee, 
1832, Democratic majority 27,304; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 9,842; 

1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 12,102; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 113; 

1848, Whig (Rep.) majority 6,286; 1852, Whig (Rep.) majority 1,880; 

1856, Democratic majority 7,460; 1860, Constitutional Union plurali¬ 
ty 4,565; 1868, Republican majority 30,499; 1872, Democratic majority 
8,736; 1876, Democratic majority 43,600; 1880, Democratic majority 
14,598. 






02 


VOTE BY STATES. 


18-18, Democratic majority 6,159; 1852. Democratic majority 8,557; Texas. 

1856, Democratic majority 15,530; 1860, Democratic majority 32,110; 

1872, Democratic majority 16,595; 1876, Democratic majority 59,955; 

1880, Democratic majority 70,878. 

1828, Loose Constructionist (Rep.) majority 16,579; 1832, Loose Vermont. 
Constructionist (Rep.) majority 3,282; 1836, Whig (Rep.) majority 
6,954; 1840, Whig (Rep.) majority 14,117; 1844, Whig (Rep.) majority 
4,775; 1848, Whig (Rep.) plurality 9,285; 1852, Whig (Rep.) majority 
508; 1856, Republican majority 28,447; 1860, Republican majority 
24,772; 1864, Republican majority 29,098; 1868, Republican majority 
32,122; 1872, Republican majority 29,961; 1876, Republican majority 
23.838; 1880, Republican majority 26,036. 

1824, Democratic majority 2,023; 1828, Democratic majority 14,651; Virginia. 
1832, Democratic majority 22,158: 1836, Democratic majority 6,893; 

1840, Democratic majority 1,392 1844, Democratic majority, 5,893; 

1848, Democratic majority 1,453; 1852; Democratic majority, 15,286; 

1856, Democratic majority 29,105; 1860, Constitutional Union plurality 
358; 1872. Republican majority 1772; 1876, Democratic majority 
44,112; 1880, Regular Democratic majority 12,810. 

1864, Republican majority 12,714; 1868, Republican majority 8,869; West 
1872, Republican majority 2,264; 1876, Democratic majority 12,384; Virginia. 
1880, Democratic majority 2,069. 

1848, Democratic plurality 1,254; 1852, Democratic majority 2,604; Wisconsin. 
1856, Republican majority, 12,668; 1860, Republican majority 20,040; 

1864, Republican majority 17,574; 1868, Republican majority 24,150; 

1872, Republican majority 17,686; 1876, Republican majority 5,205; 

1880. Republican majority 21,783. 


With such a double-track system as lias the Company, its grand motive- 
power and superb equipment throughout, the fastest time can be made with¬ 
out question of result. Indeed, no railroad company in the world has such a 
record as regards safety as the B. & O., and whatever anybody has ever said 
of it, none have questioned the fact of its having the most perfectly organized 
and effectually disciplined track service in existence. 

The B. & O. trains from New York to Cincinnati and St. Louis make time 
fully up to the demand of the most exacting, and no line surpasses its through- 
car system to the cities named, as well as to Louisville, Indianapolis, Colum¬ 
bus, Toledo, and a score of other leading commercial centers of the West and 
South. 

With its enormous facilities in the way of equipment, almost no end of 
cars and trains can be provided, and when it comes to motive power, the B. 
& O. fast runners are right at home on one of the finest track systems out of 
doors. 












Picturesque B. 


& O.— Buckhorn Wall. 
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64 


B. & O. RED BOOK 


Through Tickets, sleeping-car accommodations, and information in detail as to 
the Baltimore & Ohio railroad and connecting lines may he had at the offices of the 


company, as follows: 

Boston Office, 211 Washington st.—A. J. Simmons, Passenger and Ticket Agent. 
New York Offices, 315 and 695 Broadway.—C. P. Craig, General Eastern Passenger 
Agent; E. G. Tuckerman, City Passenger Agent; J. Blum, Passenger Agent; C. B. 
Jones, Adam J. Oesterla. Ticket Agents. Emigration Office, 21 Broadway.—Poggen- 
burg & Schouw, Agents. 

Hoboken (N. J.) Office, Naegelis Hotel.—Rudolph Naegelis, Jr., Ticket Agent. 
Philadelphia Offices, 1100 and 838 Chestnut st.—C. R. Mackenzie, City Passenger 
Agent; H. P. Rose, Ticket Agent; Charles Parker, Ticket Agent. 

Baltimore Offices, Central Building.— C. K. Lord, General Passenger Agent; J. G. 
Pangborn, Assistant General Passenger Agent. Camden Street Depot.—L. M. Cole, 
General Ticket Agent; E. R. Jones, Ticket Agent; also 152 West Baltimore st., and 
81 South Broadway.—George H. Houck, City Passenger Agent; W. W. Browning and 
G. Leimbach, Ticket Agents. 

Washington Offices. 619 and 1351 Pennsylvania av.—George S. Koontz, General 
Agent; Percy G. Smith, City Passenger Agent; J. L. Yoekel, F. T. Howser and.!. F. 
Milnor, Ticket Agents. 

Richmond Office, 1000 Main st.—A. W. Garber, Ticket Agent. 

Greensboro, N. C., R. & D. R. R. Depot.—R. A. Jenkins, Passenger Agent. 

Columbus Offices, No. 5 N. High st. and Union Depot.—J. C. Lanius, Ticket Agent. 
No. 5 N. High st.; E. Pagels, Ticket xlgent, Union Depot. 

Chicago Offices, 83 Clark st., Grand Pacific Hotel, Palmer House, and Twenty- 
second st.—T. H. Dearborn, General N. W. Passenger Agent; H. W. McKewin, City 
Passenger Agent; J. Couthoui, D. D. Drew and Victor E. Labbe, Ticket Agents. 

Cincinnati Office, 173 Walnut st.—T. P. Barry, General Passenger Agent, C. W. & B. 
R. R.; John Halpin and J. F. Dunnie, City Passenger Agents; D. C. Jackson, Ticket 
Agent; Grand Hotel, J. W. Pillsbury, Ticket Agent. 

Indianapolis Offices, Union Depot, and No. 136 South Illinois st.—W. B. Tinnev. 
Traveling Agent. 

St. Louis Office, 101 North Fourth st.—Andy Atkins, Traveling Agent. 

Cleveland Office, No. 131 Bank st.—E. E. Patton, Traveling Agent. 

New Orleans, La., Office, corner Camp and Common sts.—Wm. Murray General 
Southern Passenger Agent. 


Kansas City, Mo.—Lyman McCarty, General Western Passenger Agent. 

Pittsburgh Office, corner Fifth av. and Wood st.—E. D. Smith, Passenger Aireiit- 
B. F. Young, Ticket Agent. ’ K * ’ 


Wheeling Offices.—Depot, and Union Ticket Office, 1200 Market st. 
Monmouth, Ill.—W. C. Shoemaker, Traveling Agent. 

San Francisco, Cal.—Peter Harvey, Traveling Agent. 

St. Paul, Minn.—L. S. Allen, Traveling Agent. 


Louisville, Ky., cor. Fourth and Main sts.—D. C. Brady, Southern Passenger Agent. 

Agents on the Line: East of the Ohio river—B. F. Bond, Passenger Agent, Cum¬ 
berland, Md.; Daniel Bride, Baltimore; C. E. Dudrow, Staunton, Va.; Traveling 
Agents. West ot the Ohio river—W. E. Reppert, Passenger Agent. Columbus. Ohio; 
James M. Orr, Columbus, P. L. Dombaugli, Columbus, John T. Lane, Wheeling Travel¬ 
ing Agents. 


Depots: New York foot of Cortland st., and foot of Desbrosses st.; Philadelphia 
corner Broad and Market sts.; Baltimore, Camden st.; Washington, corner New Jersev' 
av. and C st.; Pittsburgh, corner Grant and Water sts.; Columbus, Union Depot- Cin¬ 
cinnati, Grand Central Union Depot; Sandusky, Baltimore & Ohio; Chicago Lake 
front, near Exposition Building. 6 ’ 


KNIGHT & LEONARD, PRINTERS, CHICAGO. 









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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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